风险事件的未知性和恐惧潜力决定了其感知风险。世界卫生组织(WHO)的国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)声明是此类事件的信号。理解感知的风险然后形成规避风险的行为,对健康预防很重要。该审查旨在巩固PHEIC期间风险感知的决定因素,强调需要在背景和理论中扎根。从2010年到2020年底发表的研究,搜索PubMed,PsycINFO,MedlinePlus,PubPsych,和CINAHL,包括在内。只有生物学风险概念化的研究,或者与风险感知无关,被排除在外。共纳入65项研究。使用纽卡斯尔渥太华量表(NOS)评估横断面研究的质量,平均产生5.4颗星(满分10颗)。因素分为三大类-个体,上下文,和媒体。个人风险因素包括情绪;信念,信任,和感知;不变的身体特征(性别,年龄,种族);可变特征(教育,收入,等。);和知识,与风险感知没有明确的相关性。情境特征包括大流行经历,时间,和位置,只有时间与风险感知呈负相关。媒体特征包括曝光,注意,和媒体的框架,与风险认知没有明确的联系。一个限制是由于审查而排除了部分COVID-19研究。尽管如此,这种缺乏共识凸显了更好地概念化“风险感知”的必要性。指定背景和时间也很重要,因为司法管辖区根据爆发历史经历不同的爆发。使用理论来进行风险感知研究有助于完成这些任务。
The unknownness and dread potential of a risk event shapes its perceived risk. A public health emergency of international concern (
PHEIC) declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO) is a signal for such an event. Understanding perceived risk then shapes risk-avoiding behaviours, important for health prevention. The review aims to consolidate the determinants of risk perception during a
PHEIC, underscoring the need for grounding in context and theory. Studies published from 2010 until end-2020, searching PubMed, PsycINFO, MedlinePlus, PubPsych, and CINAHL, were included. Studies with only biological conceptualisations of risk, or no association to risk perception, were excluded. A total of 65 studies were included. Quality of the cross-sectional studies was assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), yielding an average of 5.4 stars (out of 10). Factors were classified into three broad categories - individual, contextual, and media. Individual risk factors include emotions; beliefs, trust, and perceptions; immutable physical traits (sex, age, ethnicity); mutable traits (education, income, etc.); and knowledge, with no definitive correlation to risk perception. Contextual traits include pandemic experience, time, and location, with only time negatively correlated to risk perception. Media traits include exposure, attention, and framing of media, with no clear association to risk perception. One limitation is excluding a portion of COVID-19 studies due to censoring. Still, this lack of consensus highlights the need to better conceptualise \"risk perception\". Specifying the context and timing is also important since jurisdictions experience different outbreaks depending on outbreak histories. Using theories to ground risk perception research assists with these tasks.