牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)在世界范围内流行,并造成重大的经济损失。肠道菌群是一个庞大的微生物群落,具有多种生物学功能。然而,肠道菌群与BVDV感染之间是否存在相关性以及它们之间的关系尚未见报道。这里,我们发现正常小鼠感染BVDV后肠道菌群组成发生变化,但主要是低丰度微生物受到影响。有趣的是,BVDV感染显著降低了肠道菌群的多样性,并改变了肠道菌群的组成。此外,与BVDV感染的正常小鼠相比,十二指肠有更多的病毒载量,空肠,脾,脾和肠道微生物群失调小鼠的肝脏。然而,粪便微生物移植(FMT)逆转了这些影响。上述数据表明,肠道微生物群的生态失调是BVDV高感染率的关键因素。发现通过研究潜在的机制涉及IFN-I信号。还观察到外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)的增殖抑制和凋亡增加。然而,FMT治疗通过调节PI3K/Akt逆转了这些变化,ERK,和Caspase-9/Caspase-3途径。此外,丁酸盐参与BVDV的发病机制也得到进一步证实。我们的研究结果首次表明,肠道菌群是对抗BVDV感染的关键内源性防御机制;靶向调节肠道菌群结构和丰度可能是预防和控制该疾病的新策略。重要提示BVDV的高感染率是否与肠道菌群有关尚未见报道。此外,大多数关于BVDV的研究集中在体外实验,限制了对其防治策略及其致病机制的研究。在这项研究中,基于BVDV感染小鼠模型和肠道菌群失调小鼠模型,我们成功证实了肠道菌群与BVDV感染之间的因果关系以及潜在的分子机制.同时,本研究提供的BVDV易感小鼠模型为进一步研究BVDV的防治策略及其发病机制奠定了重要基础。此外,丁酸的抗病毒作用,产生丁酸的细菌的代谢产物,进一步透露。总的来说,我们的研究结果为治疗这种分布在世界各地的传染病提供了一种有希望的预防和控制策略。
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is prevalent worldwide and causes significant economic losses. Gut microbiota is a large microbial community and has a variety of biological functions. However, whether there is a correlation between gut microbiota and BVDV infection and what kind of relation between them have not been reported. Here, we found that gut microbiota composition changed in normal mice after infecting with BVDV, but mainly the low abundance microbe was affected. Interestingly, BVDV infection significantly reduced the diversity of gut microbiota and changed its composition in gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. Furthermore, compared with normal mice of BVDV infection, there were more viral loads in the duodenum, jejunum, spleen, and liver of the gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. However, feces microbiota transplantation (FMT) reversed these effects. The data above indicated that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota was a key factor in the high infection rate of BVDV. It is found that the IFN-I signal was involved by investigating the underlying mechanisms. The inhibition of the proliferation and increase in the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also observed. However, FMT treatment reversed these changes by regulating PI3K/Akt, ERK, and Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathways. Furthermore, the involvement of butyrate in the pathogenesis of BVDV was also further confirmed. Our results showed for the first time that gut microbiota acts as a key endogenous defense mechanism against BVDV infection; moreover, targeting regulation of gut microbiota structure and abundance may serve as a new strategy to prevent and control the disease.IMPORTANCEWhether the high infection rate of BVDV is related to gut microbiota has not been reported. In addition, most studies on BVDV focus on in vitro experiments, which limits the study of its prevention and control strategy and its pathogenic mechanism. In this study, we successfully confirmed the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BVDV infection as well as the potential molecular mechanism based on a mouse model of BVDV infection and a mouse model of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Meanwhile, a mouse model which is more susceptible to BVDV provided in this study lays an important foundation for further research on prevention and control strategy of BVDV and its pathogenesis. In addition, the antiviral effect of butyrate, the metabolites of butyrate-producing bacteria, has been further revealed. Overall, our findings provide a promising prevention and control strategy to treat this infectious disease which is distributed worldwide.