percussion

打击乐器
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:确定主要植入物稳定性商与植入物撞击声音频率之间的相关性。
    方法:使用牙科锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)扫描仪扫描了总共14头猪的肋骨,将骨标本分为三个不同的骨密度Hounsfield单位(HU)值类别:D1骨:>1250HU;D2:850-1250HU;D3:<850HU。然后,插入96个植入物:D1骨中有32个植入物,D2骨中有32个植入物,和D3骨中的32个植入物。对主要种植体稳定性商(ISQ)进行了分析,使用连接的无线麦克风记录打击声,并使用频率分析软件进行分析。
    结果:发现原发性ISQ与骨密度HU值之间具有统计学意义的正相关(r=0.719;p<0.001),以及主要ISQ与打击声频率之间的统计学显着正相关(r=0.606;p<0.001)。此外,D1和D2骨之间的主要ISQ值和打击声频率存在显着差异,以及D1和D3之间的骨骼。然而,D2和D3骨的原发性ISQ值和打击声频率没有显着差异。
    结论:主要ISQ值与打击声频率呈正相关。
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the primary implant stability quotient and the implant percussion sound frequency.
    METHODS: A total of 14 pigs\' ribs were scanned using a dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner to classify the bone specimens into three distinct bone density Hounsfield units (HU) value categories: D1 bone: >1250 HU; D2: 850-1250 HU; D3: <850 HU. Then, 96 implants were inserted: 32 implants in D1 bone, 32 implants in D2 bone, and 32 implants in D3 bone. The primary implant stability quotient (ISQ) was analyzed, and percussion sound was recorded using a wireless microphone connected and analyzed with frequency analysis software.
    RESULTS: Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the primary ISQ and the bone density HU value (r = 0.719; p < 0.001), and statistically significant positive correlations between the primary ISQ and the percussion sound frequency (r = 0.606; p < 0.001). Furthermore, significant differences in primary ISQ values and percussion sound frequency were found between D1 and D2 bone, as well as between D1 and D3 bone. However, no significant differences were found in primary ISQ values and percussion sound frequency between D2 and D3 bone.
    CONCLUSIONS: The primary ISQ value and the percussion sound frequency are positively correlated.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    敲击按摩对腿筋柔韧性的影响尚不清楚。这项研究旨在研究打击乐按摩对腿筋柔韧性的急性影响,并比较其与静态拉伸的有效性。
    54名年龄在18-25岁的健康个体具有至少15度的积极膝盖伸展被纳入研究。该研究于2022年2月至5月间进行。在这项交叉随机研究中,参与者被随机分为3组,作为打击乐按摩(n=18),静态拉伸(n=18),和对照(n=18)。活动膝伸展试验和坐姿和伸手试验作为评价参数,并在干预前和干预后30分钟(急性)进行评估。
    在打击乐和伸展干预组中,与对照组相比,主动膝关节伸展测试中的运动范围(ROM)增益具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。冲击和伸展干预之间的主动膝关节伸展角度增益相似(p>0.05)。结果发现,在敲击按摩组和静态拉伸组中,腿筋的柔韧性均显着提高(p<0.05)。然而,考虑最后的测量和灵活性增益值,研究发现,敲击按摩和静态拉伸对腿筋肌肉柔韧性有相似的急性影响(p>0.05)。
    打击乐按摩对腿筋的柔韧性和ROM具有急性积极作用,它和静态拉伸一样有效。因此,建议使用敲击按摩设备作为结构化热身前运动的一部分,以增加关节的运动范围和灵活性。
    UNASSIGNED: The effect of percussion massage on hamstring flexibility is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of percussion massage on hamstring flexibility and to compare its effectiveness with static stretching.
    UNASSIGNED: Fifty-four healthy individuals aged 18-25 years with at least 15 degrees of active knee extension were included in the study. The study was conducted between February and May 2022. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups in this cross-randomization study as percussion massage (n=18), static stretching (n=18), and control (n=18). The Active Knee Extension test and the Sit and Reach test were used as evaluation parameters, and assessments were performed pre-intervention and 30 min post-intervention (acute).
    UNASSIGNED: In both percussion and stretching intervention groups, the range of motion (ROM) gain in the Active Knee Extension test was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Active knee extension angle gain was similar between percussion and stretching interventions (p>0.05). It was found that hamstring flexibility improved significantly in both percussion massage and static stretching groups (p<0.05). However, considering the last measurement and flexibility gain values, it was found that percussion massage and static stretching had similar acute effects on hamstring muscle flexibility (p>0.05).
    UNASSIGNED: Percussion massage had an acute positive effect on hamstring flexibility and ROM, and it was as effective as static stretching. Therefore, percussion massage devices are recommended as part of pre-exercise in a structured warm-up for increase in joint range of motion and flexibility.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    虽然远程音乐训练有其局限性,技术的使用可以降低其可及性的障碍。这项探索性研究比较了远程和个人打击乐训练对运动表现的影响,性能质量,和学生的享受。训练涉及在打击乐器上演奏legato的运动方面。二十名打击乐手接受了使用视频会议技术的讲师的远程培训,或者来自在培训室中的同一讲师的亲自培训。电机行为,legato表现力,性能质量,和参与者的自评享受进行了比较,以确定两种形式的培训的潜在优势和劣势。此外,参与者对继续接受培训的兴趣进行了评估,远程或亲自。不管教师是远程的还是亲自的,参与者在训练后将他们的木槌举到鼓上更高的高度,也许是因为他们的肘部和手腕的运动有更多的空间和速度变化。训练后动作模式的变化与较高的legato表现力和表现质量的评分同时进行。严重的,接受远程讲师培训的参与者对继续培训的兴趣比接受现场讲师培训的参与者更大,在短期和长期。这些发现可能表明,远程和亲自指导对运动行为产生了可比的变化,肘部和腕部运动的速度改变证明了这一点,这反过来可能会影响legato演奏中表现力的感知。结果可能支持使用远程训练作为体育锻炼的辅助手段,以降低音乐教育的一些障碍。
    Although remote music training has its limitations, the use of technology can lower barriers to its accessibility. This exploratory study compared the effects of remote and in-person percussion training on motor performance, performance quality, and students\' enjoyment. The training involved the motor aspects of playing legato on percussion instruments. Twenty percussionists received the training either remotely from an instructor using videoconferencing technology or in person from the same instructor who was in the training room. Motor behavior, legato expressivity, performance quality, and participants\' self-rated enjoyment were compared to determine potential advantages and disadvantages of training in the two formats. Furthermore, participants rated their interest in continuing to receive training in the same way they had experienced it, remote or in person. Regardless of whether the instructor was remote or in person, participants lifted their mallets to a greater height above the drums post-training, perhaps because there was more spatial and velocity variability in the movements of their elbows and wrists. Changes in their patterns of post-training movements were paralleled by higher ratings for expressivity of legato and performance quality. Critically, participants who received training from the remote instructor expressed greater interest in continuing training than those who received training from the instructor who was physically present, in both the short and long term. These findings may suggest that remote and in-person instruction yielded comparable changes on motor behavior, as demonstrated by the altered speed at which movements of the elbow and wrist were executed, which in turn may influence the perception of expressivity in legato playing. The results may support the use of remote training as an adjunct to physical practice to lower some barriers to music education.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    轻度创伤性脑损伤是一种临床上高度异质性的神经系统疾病。迫切需要具有明确病理的高度可复制的创伤性脑损伤(TBI)动物模型,以研究轻度TBI后的神经病理学机制和测试疗法。在动物模型中复制TBI的整个后遗症已被证明是一个挑战。因此,多种TBI动物模型的可用性对于解释TBI患者的不同方面和严重程度是必要的。CHI是制造rmTBI啮齿动物模型的最常用方法之一。然而,这种方法容易受到许多因素的影响,包括使用的影响方法,头骨的厚度和形状,动物呼吸暂停,以及使用的头部支撑和固定的类型。该方案的目的是证明稀疏颅骨窗和液体冲击损伤(FPI)方法的组合,以产生CHI相关rmTBI的精确小鼠模型。该协议的主要目标是尽量减少可能影响CHI和FPI建模的准确性和一致性的因素,包括颅骨厚度,形状,头部支撑。通过利用薄头骨窗口的方法,由于开颅手术和FPI引起的潜在炎症被最小化,导致改进的小鼠模型,复制了在轻度TBI患者中观察到的临床特征。使用苏木精和曙红(HE)染色的行为和组织学分析结果表明,rmTBI可能导致累积损伤,从而导致大脑的行为和总体形态发生变化。总的来说,改良的CHI相关rmTBI为研究人员提供了一个有用的工具,以探索导致rmTBI局灶性和弥漫性病理生理变化的潜在机制.
    Mild traumatic brain injury is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder. Highly reproducible traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal models with well-defined pathologies are urgently needed for studying the mechanisms of neuropathology after mild TBI and testing therapeutics. Replicating the entire sequelae of TBI in animal models has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, the availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to account for the diverse aspects and severities seen in TBI patients. CHI is one of the most common methods for fabricating rodent models of rmTBI. However, this method is susceptible to many factors, including the impact method used, the thickness and shape of the skull bone, animal apnea, and the type of head support and immobilization utilized. The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate a combination of the thinned-skull window and fluid percussion injury (FPI) methods to produce a precise mouse model of CHI-associated rmTBI. The primary objective of this protocol is to minimize factors that could impact the accuracy and consistency of CHI and FPI modeling, including skull bone thickness, shape, and head support. By utilizing a thinned-skull window method, potential inflammation due to craniotomy and FPI is minimized, resulting in an improved mouse model that replicates the clinical features observed in patients with mild TBI. Results from behavior and histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining suggest that rmTBI can lead to a cumulative injury that produces changes in both behavior and gross morphology of the brain. Overall, the modified CHI-associated rmTBI presents a useful tool for researchers to explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to focal and diffuse pathophysiological changes in rmTBI.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    虽然对乐器分类任务进行了充分的研究,在识别非音调打击乐器方面仍然存在差距,这些乐器在频带上有更大的重叠,在音质和演奏风格上比音调乐器有更大的变化。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于检测铃鼓的乐器分类器,马拉卡斯和响板,儿童早期音乐教育中经常使用的乐器。我们用不同的仪器生成了一个数据集(例如,品牌,材料,建筑)在不同的位置演奏,背景噪音和演奏风格不同。我们进行了灵敏度分析,以优化特征选择,开窗时间,和模型选择。我们在家庭环境中与12个家庭一起在混合现实音乐应用程序中部署并评估了我们的最佳模型。我们的数据集包括实验室记录的超过369,000个样本和家庭记录的35,361个样本。我们观察到光梯度提升机(LGBM)模型使用大约93ms的窗口表现最佳,只有12mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)和信号熵。据观察,我们最好的LGBM模型在实验室中的所有三个仪器系列的准确率都超过84%,部署到家庭时的准确率超过73%。据我们所知,收集了369,000个非音调仪器样本的数据集,这是同类中的第一个。这项工作还表明,低特征空间足以识别非音调乐器。最后,与不同身体和认知能力的参与者一起创建的算法的真实世界部署和测试也是对更具包容性的设计实践的重要贡献。本文为混合现实音乐应用程序奠定了技术基础,该应用程序可以检测儿童使用非音调,支持幼儿音乐教育和演奏的打击乐器。
    While the musical instrument classification task is well-studied, there remains a gap in identifying non-pitched percussion instruments which have greater overlaps in frequency bands and variation in sound quality and play style than pitched instruments. In this paper, we present a musical instrument classifier for detecting tambourines, maracas and castanets, instruments that are often used in early childhood music education. We generated a dataset with diverse instruments (e.g., brand, materials, construction) played in different locations with varying background noise and play styles. We conducted sensitivity analyses to optimize feature selection, windowing time, and model selection. We deployed and evaluated our best model in a mixed reality music application with 12 families in a home setting. Our dataset was comprised of over 369,000 samples recorded in-lab and 35,361 samples recorded with families in a home setting. We observed the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model to perform best using an approximate 93 ms window with only 12 mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and signal entropy. Our best LGBM model was observed to perform with over 84% accuracy across all three instrument families in-lab and over 73% accuracy when deployed to the home. To our knowledge, the dataset compiled of 369,000 samples of non-pitched instruments is first of its kind. This work also suggests that a low feature space is sufficient for the recognition of non-pitched instruments. Lastly, real-world deployment and testing of the algorithms created with participants of diverse physical and cognitive abilities was also an important contribution towards more inclusive design practices. This paper lays the technological groundwork for a mixed reality music application that can detect children\'s use of non-pitched, percussion instruments to support early childhood music education and play.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是全球范围内导致残疾和死亡的主要原因之一。TBI的年度经济影响-包括直接和间接成本-很高,特别是影响低收入和中等收入国家。尽管进行了广泛的研究,全面了解原发性和继发性TBI病理生理学,随之而来的是有前途的治疗方法的发展,仍然有限。这些基本的知识警告激发了各种实验模型的发展,以探索支持TBI发病机理的分子机制。在这种情况下,侧向流体撞击损伤(LFPI)模型产生的脑损伤模拟了在人类TBI中观察到的大多数神经和系统方面。此外,其高可重复性使LFPI模型成为最广泛使用的基于啮齿动物的TBI模型之一。在这一章中,我们提供了用于在成年Wistar大鼠中诱导TBI的LFPI模型的详细手术方案。我们进一步强调神经评分测试是评估TBI诱导的大鼠感觉运动后果及其严重程度的有价值的工具。最后,我们简要总结了在LFPI诱导的啮齿动物TBI模型中观察到的病理方面和功能结局的最新知识.
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The annual economic impact of TBI-including direct and indirect costs-is high, particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of the primary and secondary TBI pathophysiology, followed by the development of promising therapeutic approaches, remains limited. These fundamental caveats in knowledge have motivated the development of various experimental models to explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of TBI. In this context, the Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury (LFPI) model produces a brain injury that mimics most of the neurological and systemic aspects observed in human TBI. Moreover, its high reproducibility makes the LFPI model one of the most widely used rodent-based TBI models. In this chapter, we provide a detailed surgical protocol of the LFPI model used to induce TBI in adult Wistar rats. We further highlight the neuroscore test as a valuable tool for the evaluation of TBI-induced sensorimotor consequences and their severity in rats. Lastly, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the pathological aspects and functional outcomes observed in the LFPI-induced TBI model in rodents.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管缺乏对偏心运动后(EE后)的影响的研究,但撞击按摩(PM)是一种新兴的康复治疗方法。这项研究调查了PM治疗的效果(立即,EE后24、48和72小时)在最大等距扭矩(MIT)上,运动范围(ROM),以及EE后24-72小时非优势臂肱二头肌酸痛的11点数字评定量表(NRS)。十七个未经训练,大学年龄的受试者用非优势臂进行了60次偏心肘部屈曲动作。九人下午1分钟,而八个安静地休息(控制[CON])。为了,NRS,ROM,和MIT(相对于体重)在EE后24、48和72小时收集偏心运动前(EE前)和治疗后(AT)。还在治疗前(BT)收集NRS。在MIT期间收集肌电图(EMG)和肌电图(MMG)幅度,并将其标准化为EE前。麻省理工学院没有互动,EMG,或MMG,但是ROM和NRS存在相互作用。对于ROM,PM组比CON24-72h值高6-8°,更快地返回到EE前(PM:48小时,CON:72h),并在72h时超过其pre-EE约4°。组的NRS值在24-72小时之间没有差异;然而,PM小组在每次访问中将NRS从BT降低到AT,每次访问约1点,这导致它们在24-72小时比CON低2-3点。此外,PM组比CON更快地将NRS返回到EE之前(PM:BT72小时,CON:never).总之,PM治疗可以改善ROM,而不会影响EE后24-72小时的等距力量或肌肉激活。尽管PM治疗直到72小时都没有增强延迟发作的肌肉酸痛的恢复,他们一贯立即提供,EE后使用24-72小时时的临时救济。
    Percussive massage (PM) is an emerging recovery treatment despite the lack of research on its effects post-eccentric exercise (post-EE). This study investigated the effects of PM treatments (immediately, 24, 48, and 72 h post-EE) on the maximal isometric torque (MIT), range of motion (ROM), and an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) of soreness of the nondominant arm\'s biceps brachii from 24-72 h post-EE. Seventeen untrained, college-aged subjects performed 60 eccentric elbow flexion actions with their nondominant arms. Nine received 1 minute of PM, versus eight who rested quietly (control [CON]). In order, NRS, ROM, and MIT (relative to body mass) were collected pre-eccentric exercise (pre-EE) and after treatment (AT) at 24, 48, and 72 h post-EE. NRS was also collected before treatment (BT). Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitudes were collected during the MIT and normalized to pre-EE. There were no interactions for MIT, EMG, or MMG, but there were interactions for ROM and NRS. For ROM, the PM group had higher values than the CON 24-72 h by ~6-8°, a faster return to pre-EE (PM: 48 h, CON: 72 h), and exceeded their pre-EE at 72 h by ~4°. The groups\' NRS values did not differ BT 24-72 h; however, the PM group lowered their NRS from BT to AT within every visit by ~1 point per visit, which resulted in them having lower values than the CON from 24-72 h by ~2-3 points. Additionally, the PM group returned their NRS to pre-EE faster than the CON (PM: BT 72 h, CON: never). In conclusion, PM treatments may improve ROM without affecting isometric strength or muscle activation 24-72 h post-EE. Although the PM treatments did not enhance the recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness until 72 h, they consistently provided immediate, temporary relief when used 24-72 h post-EE.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:评估在大鼠外侧液体冲击(FPI)创伤性脑损伤(TBI)模型中,脑脓肿作为诊断创伤后癫痫(PTE)的混杂因素的患病率。
    方法:这项回顾性研究包括2009-2022年在一个实验室中收集的3个研究队列中的583只大鼠。使用外侧FPI对大鼠进行了假手术或TBI。将大鼠植入硬膜外和/或脑内电极用于脑电图记录。对大脑进行组织学处理以筛选脓肿。在脓肿病例中,(a)构建了展开的皮质图,以评估脓肿的皮质位置和面积,(b)对脓肿组织进行革兰氏染色,以确定革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的存在,和(c)进行免疫染色以检测浸润的中性粒细胞,T淋巴细胞,和神经胶质细胞作为炎症的组织生物标志物。审查了来自动物亚组的体内和/或离体磁共振图像以评估脓肿的存在。可从大鼠亚组获得的血浆样品用于酶联免疫吸附测定,以确定作为革兰氏阴性细菌的循环生物标志物的脂多糖(LPS)的水平。
    结果:在2.6%(15/583)的大鼠中检测到脑脓肿(6个假,9TBI)。在组织学上,脑脓肿的特征是血管化包裹性病变充满中性粒细胞,并被小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞包围.脓肿主要位于螺旋电极下,支撑螺钉,或者开颅手术.在60%(9/15)的脓肿大鼠中诊断出癫痫(4假,5TBI)。其中,67%(6/9)有癫痫发作簇。脓肿病例平均发作频率为0.436±0.281次/d。有脓肿和没有脓肿的大鼠之间的血浆LPS水平相当(p>0.05)。
    结论:虽然罕见,脑脓肿是脑外科手术和电极植入后结构性癫痫动物模型中癫痫诊断的潜在混杂因素,特别是如果癫痫发作发生在假手术的实验对照和/或成组。
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of brain abscesses as a confounding factor for the diagnosis of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in a rat model of lateral fluid-percussion-induced (FPI) traumatic brain injury (TBI).
    METHODS: This retrospective study included 583 rats from 3 study cohorts collected over 2009-2022 in a single laboratory. The rats had undergone sham-operation or TBI using lateral FPI. Rats were implanted with epidural and/or intracerebral electrodes for electroencephalogram recordings. Brains were processed for histology to screen for abscess(es). In abscess cases, (a) unfolded cortical maps were constructed to assess the cortical location and area of the abscess, (b) the abscess tissue was Gram stained to determine the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and (c) immunostaining was performed to detect infiltrating neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and glial cells as tissue biomarkers of inflammation. In vivo and/or ex vivo magnetic resonance images available from a subcohort of animals were reviewed to evaluate the presence of abscesses. Plasma samples available from a subcohort of rats were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a circulating biomarker for gram-negative bacteria.
    RESULTS: Brain abscesses were detected in 2.6% (15/583) of the rats (6 sham, 9 TBI). In histology, brain abscesses were characterized as vascularized encapsulated lesions filled with neutrophils and surrounded by microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. The abscesses were mainly located under the screw electrodes, support screws, or craniectomy. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 60% (9/15) of rats with an abscess (4 sham, 5 TBI). Of these, 67% (6/9) had seizure clusters. The average seizure frequency in abscess cases was 0.436 ± 0.281 seizures/d. Plasma LPS levels were comparable between rats with and without abscesses (p > 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, a brain abscess is a potential confounding factor for epilepsy diagnosis in animal models of structural epilepsies following brain surgery and electrode implantation, particularly if seizures occur in sham-operated experimental controls and/or in clusters.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在这项研究中,设计了一种新的分析体重分布的无线电子电路,并将其整合到椅子中,以收集与人类常见姿势(坐着和站着)相关的数据。这些共同行动对各种运动能力有重大影响,包括步态参数,跌倒风险,和肌肉减少症的信息。这些行动的质量缺乏绝对的衡量标准,目前,它没有定性和客观的衡量标准。为了解决这个问题,设计的分析仪引入了诸如平滑度和敲击度等变量,以提供更多信息并在评估站立/坐下动作时客观地进行测量。分析仪和所提出的变量都提供了额外的信息,这些信息可以根据医生的临床情况对评估进行客观化。
    In this study, a new wireless electronic circuitry to analyze weight distribution was designed and incorporated into a chair to gather data related to common human postures (sitting and standing up). These common actions have a significant impact on various motor capabilities, including gait parameters, fall risk, and information on sarcopenia. The quality of these actions lacks an absolute measurement, and currently, there is no qualitative and objective metric for it. To address this, the designed analyzer introduces variables like Smoothness and Percussion to provide more information and objectify measurements in the assessment of stand-up/sit-down actions. Both the analyzer and the proposed variables offer additional information that can objectify assessments depending on the clinical eye of the physicians.
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