背景:本文讨论了个人援助对残疾人独立生活的贡献。这项权利在国际上以不同的速度发展,提出了有争议的方面,并在持续的辩论中。
目的:综合通过个人援助促进自决和独立生活的证据。
方法:根据系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目进行系统评价。2023年3月,在9个数据库中进行了相关文献的搜索。通过归纳内容分析对纳入研究的结果进行编码和分析。
结果:包括26篇文章,主要是定性的,来自四个不同的大陆。分析揭示了六个不同的关键主题。社会框架强调了国际协议和残疾行动主义对理解残疾的文化转变的影响。其次,强调健康的人际关系和生活或服务期望。密钥代理包括用户,私人助理,家庭成员,服务提供商,和其他专业人士。私人助理的工作背景探讨了道德困境,培训,和工作权。关于个人援助的决策涉及缺乏信息等因素,访问要求,和资金。最后,这些影响强调了个人援助对独立生活的积极影响,在识别威胁的同时,以及改进的最佳实践。
结论:本系统综述首次探讨通过个人援助计划促进残疾人的独立生活,并强调政府需要优先考虑和协调努力,以确保所有人都能获得,强调实现社会正义的道德必要性。
BACKGROUND: The article discusses the contribution of personal assistance for the independent living of people with disabilities. This right is evolving at different speeds internationally, presents controversial aspects, and is under continuous debate.
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the evidence relating to the promotion of self-determination and independent living through personal assistance.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search for relevant literature published was conducted during March 2023 across nine databases. The findings of the included studies were coded and analyzed via inductive content analysis.
RESULTS: 26 articles were included, mostly qualitative, from four different continents. The analysis revealed six different key themes. The social framework highlighted the influence of international agreements and disability activism on cultural shifts in understanding disability. Secondly, healthy relationships and life or service expectations were emphasized. Key agents included users, personal assistants, family members, service providers, and other professionals. Personal assistants\' work context explored ethical dilemmas, training, and working rights. Decision-making about personal assistance involved factors like lack of information, access requirements, and funding. Lastly, the implications underscored the positive impact of personal assistance on independent living, while identifying threats, and best practices for improvement.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review was the first to explore the promotion of independent living of people with disabilities through personal assistance schemes and highlights the need for governments to prioritize and coordinate efforts to ensure access for all, emphasizing the ethical imperative to progress toward social justice.