目标:甲状腺癌,尽管在所有癌症类型中相对罕见,是内分泌肿瘤的主要形式。在过去的20年里,它的发生有了显著的上升。甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC),分化良好,作为优势亚型出现,在碘水平被认为足够的地区。该研究旨在研究穆斯林教育协会(MES)医学院Perinthalmanna诊断为甲状腺恶性肿瘤的患者的临床病理特征。
方法:这是MES医学院由普外科和内分泌外科进行的一项回顾性研究。该研究的重点是通过活检被诊断为甲状腺癌的患者。所有被诊断为甲状腺恶性肿瘤的患者的病例表均从医疗记录图书馆转介,以收集相关的医学和社会人口统计学数据。这些数据是以形式输入的,它被转移到Excel工作表,并在IBMSPSSStatisticsforWindows中进行处理,第20版(2011年发布;IBMCorp.,Armonk,纽约,美国)。
结果:该研究主要包括中年人(40-60岁),22岁(55%)属于这个年龄段,其次是年龄在20至40岁之间的14人(35%),60年以上只有4年(10%)。女性患者占研究组的82.5%。大多数病例表现为持续不到六个月的肿胀23(57.5%),而只有四个(10%)的肿胀持续时间超过五年。压迫症状很少见,只有三个(7.5%)经历吞咽困难或呼吸困难。其中2例(5%)报告疼痛。甲状腺功能减退,毒性表现,或在1例患者中观察到声音嘶哑(2.5%)。关于溶胀特性,大多数尺寸大于4厘米(29,72%),稠度坚固(25,62.5%)。19例(47.5%)病例中存在结节表面,而38(95%)的肿胀是活动的。13例(32.5%)可见淋巴结。放射学上,在26例(65%)中观察到低回声病变,微钙化29例(72.5%),外周血管31例(77.5%)。乳头状癌是最常见的组织学类型(34,85%),髓样和滤泡癌占5(12.5%)和1(2.5%),分别。发现肿胀的持续时间与组织学类型(p=0.05)以及肿胀的活动性与组织学类型(p<0.05)之间存在关联。然而,影像学检查结果与组织学类型之间无显著相关性(p>0.05).性别分布与组织学类型无统计学意义。
结论:这项研究的结果揭示了年龄之间的统计学上无显著性关联,性别,临床特征,和甲状腺恶性肿瘤的组织学类型。此外,甲状腺恶性肿瘤的组织学类型与甲状腺表面的大小或类型或甲状腺肿胀的一致性或超声检查结果如回声性之间没有统计学上的显着关联。微钙化,外周血管增加,或失去周边光环。
OBJECTIVE: Thyroid cancer, though relatively uncommon among all cancer types, stands as the primary form of endocrine tumor. Over the last 20 years, there has been a significant uptick in its occurrence. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which is well-differentiated, emerges as the dominant subtype, in regions where iodine levels are deemed adequate. The study aimed to study the clinicopathological profile of patients diagnosed with thyroid malignancies at the Muslim Educational Society (MES) Medical College Perinthalmanna.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study undertaken at the MES Medical College by the Department of General Surgery and Endocrine Surgery. The study focuses on patients who have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer through a biopsy. Case sheets of all those patients diagnosed with thyroid malignancy were referred from the Medical Records Library to collect the relevant medical and sociodemographic data. This data was entered in the proforma, which was transferred to the Excel sheet and processed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).
RESULTS: The study included predominantly middle-aged individuals (40-60 years), with 22 (55%) falling within this age range, followed by 14 (35%) aged between 20 and 40 years, and only four (10%) above 60 years. Female patients constituted 82.5% of the study group. Most cases presented with swelling lasting less than six months 23 (57.5%), while only four (10%) had swelling lasting more than five years. Compression symptoms were rare, with only three (7.5%) experiencing dysphagia or dyspnea. Pain was reported in two (5%) of the cases. Hypothyroidism, toxic manifestations, or hoarseness were observed in one (2.5%) of the patients. Regarding swelling characteristics, most were greater than 4 cm in size (29, 72%) and firm in consistency (25, 62.5%). Nodular surfaces were present in 19 (47.5%) of the cases, while 38 (95%) of the swellings were mobile. Palpable lymph nodes were noted in 13 (32.5%) of cases. Radiologically, hypoechoic lesions were observed in 26 (65%) of cases, with microcalcification in 29 (72.5%) and peripheral vascularity in 31 (77.5%). Papillary carcinoma was the most common histological type (34, 85%), with medullary and follicular carcinomas accounting for five (12.5%) and one (2.5%), respectively. An association was found between the duration of swelling and histological type (p = 0.05) and between the mobility of swelling and histological type (p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between imaging findings and histological type (p > 0.05). The gender distribution did not show a statistically significant association with histological type.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study revealed a statistically insignificant association between age, gender, clinical features, and the histological type of thyroid malignancy. Additionally, there was no statistically significant association between the histological type of thyroid malignancy and the size or type of surface or consistency of thyroid swelling or ultrasonographic findings of the swelling like echogenicity, microcalcification, increased peripheral vascularity, or loss of peripheral halo.