目标:检查心理健康问题的患病率(抑郁症,焦虑,和压力),睡眠质量,以及由于高级和精英攀岩者过度使用受伤而导致的残疾。攀岩者与一组非攀岩对照进行了比较。
方法:通过瑞典攀岩联合会招募了一个自选的高级和精英瑞典攀岩运动员样本,当地的攀岩健身房和社交媒体。对照组,招募了大小匹配的人。对照组的参与者回答了经过验证的问卷的在线调查,检查压力的症状,焦虑,抑郁症,睡眠质量。攀岩参与者回答了与非攀岩对照相同的调查,但涉及与之相关的肌肉骨骼问题和残疾的其他问题。使用的结果指标是抑郁焦虑压力量表,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和奥斯陆运动创伤研究中心过度使用伤害问卷。
结果:总共183名参与者被纳入攀岩组,对照组180名参与者。在攀岩组中,女性的平均年龄(SD)为28.2(8.3)岁,男性为30.5(9.6)岁。女性的平均BMI为21.2(2.2),男性为22.8(2.1)。攀岩组共占30.6%(男子占26.7%,35.9%的女性)报告至少有中等水平的抑郁症状,23.1%的女性(17.2%的男性,30.8%的女性)至少有中等水平的焦虑症状。共有48.4%的攀岩者(39.1%的男性,和61.6%的妇女)报告至少中等程度的压力症状。在攀岩者中,45.0%报告睡眠质量差。攀岩者和对照组之间的心理健康问题或睡眠问题没有统计学上的显着差异(p=0.052-0.96)。在攀岩者中,受伤相关问题的一周患病率报告为:手指和手(49.5%),肩部(35.2%),膝盖(29.1%),腰背(26.4%),手臂(25.3%),胸背部和颈部(17.0%),和脚和小腿(12.1%)。
结论:总体结果表明,攀岩者和对照组的心理健康问题症状较高,睡眠质量较差。尽管攀岩组和对照组之间没有显着差异,需要临床关注的症状很高。在所有检查过的受伤地点的攀岩者中,经常报告过度使用受伤。先前的研究报告心理健康问题在运动员中更为普遍,这与这项研究相矛盾。结果显示,需要对登山者的一般健康有更广泛的视野,并且需要提供结构化护理和足够的支持,以解决这些问题。
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep quality, and disability due to overuse injuries in advanced and elite rock-climbers. The rock-climbers were compared to a group of non-climbing controls.
METHODS: A self-selected sample of advanced and elite Swedish rock-climbing athletes was recruited through the Swedish Rock-climbing Federation, local rock-climbing gyms and through social media. A control group, matched in size was recruited. Participants in the control group answered an online survey of validated questionnaires, examining symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality. The climbing participants answered the same survey as the non-climbing controls but with additional questions regarding musculoskeletal problems and disabilities related to these. Outcome measures used were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire.
RESULTS: A total of 183 participants were included in the rock-climbing group, and 180 participants in the control group. In the rock-climbing group the mean age (SD) was 28.2 (8.3) years among women and 30.5 (9.6) years in men. The mean BMI of women was 21.2 (2.2) and 22.8 (2.1) in men. A total of 30.6% of the rock-climbing group (26.7% of men, 35.9% of women) reported at least moderate levels of symptoms of depression and 23.1% (17.2% men, 30.8% women) at least moderate levels of symptoms of anxiety. A total of 48.4% of rock-climbers (39.1% men, and 61.6% women) reported at least moderate levels of symptoms of stress. Among the rock-climbers, 45.0% reported having poor sleep quality. There were no statistical significant differences (p = 0.052-0.96) in mental health problems or sleeping problems between the rock-climbers and the controls. Among rock-climbers, reports of one-week prevalence of injury related problems was: Finger and hand (49.5%), Shoulder (35.2%), Knee (29.1%), Lumbar back (26.4%), Arm (25.3%), Thoracic back and neck (17.0%), and Foot and lower leg (12.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: The overall results indicate high levels of symptoms of mental health problems and poor sleep quality in both rock-climbers and controls. Although no significant differences between the climbing group and the control group was displayed, symptoms that warrant clinical attention is high. Overuse injuries were commonly reported among the rock-climbers in all examined injury locations. Previous studies reporting mental health problems to be more prevalent among athletes were contradicted in this study. The results display the need for a broader perspective regarding climbers general health and the need to provide structured care and adequate support in order to come to terms with these concerns.