目的:本研究旨在评估熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对COVID-19的化学预防作用,并分析其感染危险因素。症状,以及暴露于UDCA的门诊患者的恢复。方法:纳入重庆医科大学附属第二医院门诊UDCA,中国,2022年7月1日至2022年12月31日之间。人口统计数据,合并症,使用电子病历收集药物组合。COVID-19感染,症状,严重程度,预后,疫苗接种,和UDCA管理通过电话采访进行了调查。UDCA非用户充当对照,并且使用倾向得分与最近邻算法匹配以1:2比率与UDCA用户进行匹配。感染率,症状学,严重程度,和预后在匹配和对照组之间进行比较,并分析了UDCA暴露门诊患者的危险因素以及感染和恢复症状。结果:暴露于UDCA的门诊患者(n=778,74.8%)和匹配的UDCA使用者(n=95,74.2%)显示SARS-CoV-2感染率明显低于对照组患者(n=59,92.2%)(p<0.05)。匹配的UDCA组表现出低热,咳嗽,喉咙痛,疲劳率高于对照组(p<0.05)。UDCA暴露的参与者通常会出现轻度症状,而没有UDCA的患者则有中度症状。匹配的UDCA组的发热和咳嗽持续时间也明显较短(p<0.05)。危险因素,如年龄超过60岁,UDCA管理少于1个月,糖尿病,和冠状动脉疾病显着增加SARS-CoV-2感染率(p<0.05),而吸烟导致减少(p<0.05)。高血压与COVID-19恢复时间延长相关(p<0.05),吸烟时,疫苗接种,和脂肪肝疾病与较短的恢复期相关(p<0.05)。整个UDCA队列的主要症状是发烧,咳嗽,喉咙痛,疲劳,咳嗽,和缺陷是最持久的。结论:UDCA对门诊SARS-CoV-2具有化学预防作用,可显著降低感染发生率,减轻COVID-19症状,严重程度,和恢复持续时间。老年,UDCA短期课程,糖尿病和CAD等合并症增加了感染率,而高血压延长了恢复时间。吸烟,疫苗接种,脂肪肝疾病降低了感染率,缩短了康复时间。UDCA对症状类型的影响最小。需要更大规模和更长期的临床研究来进一步评估UDCA在COVID-19预防或治疗中的有效性。
Objective: This study aimed to assess the chemopreventive effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) against COVID-19 and to analyze infection risk factors, symptoms, and recovery in
outpatients with UDCA exposure. Methods: The study enrolled
outpatients prescribed UDCA from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, between 01 July 2022, and 31 December 2022. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and drug combinations were collected using electronic medical records. COVID-19 infection, symptoms, severity, prognosis, vaccinations, and UDCA administration were surveyed by telephone interviews. UDCA non-users served as controls and were matched in a 1:2 ratio with UDCA users using propensity score matching with the nearest neighbor algorithm. Infection rates, symptomatology, severity, and prognosis were compared between matched and control cohorts, and risk factors and infection and recovery symptoms were analyzed in UDCA-exposed
outpatients. Results: UDCA-exposed
outpatients (n = 778, 74.8%) and matched UDCA users (n = 95, 74.2%) showed significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates than control patients (n = 59, 92.2%) (p < 0.05). The matched UDCA group exhibited substantially lower fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue rates than controls (p < 0.05). Participants with UDCA exposure generally experienced mild symptoms, while those without UDCA had moderate symptoms. The matched UDCA group also had significantly shorter durations of fever and cough (p < 0.05). Risk factors such as age over 60, less than 1 month of UDCA administration, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (p < 0.05), while smoking led to a decrease (p < 0.05). Hypertension was associated with a prolonged COVID-19 recovery (p < 0.05), while smoking, vaccination, and fatty liver disease were associated with shorter recovery periods (p < 0.05). The main symptoms in the full UDCA cohort were fever, cough, and sore throat, with fatigue, cough, and hyposthenia being the most persistent. Conclusion: UDCA demonstrated chemopreventive effect against SARS-CoV-2 in
outpatients by significantly reducing infection incidence and mitigating COVID-19 symptoms, severity, and recovery duration. Old age, short UDCA course, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and CAD increased infection rates, while hypertension prolonged recovery. Smoking, vaccination, and fatty liver disease reduced infection rates and shortened recovery. UDCA had minimal impact on symptom types. Larger and longer-term clinical studies are needed further to assess UDCA\'s effectiveness in COVID-19 prevention or treatment.