■自中国政府改变COVID-19防控政策以来,omicron变种的迅速传播导致全国各地的感染激增,特别是影响儿童。尽管与成年人相比,感染COVID-19的儿童的急性症状较轻,COVID-19后综合征(PCS)对儿童生长发育的影响不容忽视。临床表现,治疗方法,儿童的长期影响与成人有很大不同,有必要了解PCS儿童的表型,以便有效地管理他们的健康。
■该研究的重点是2022年12月7日至2023年1月5日在武汉大学中南医院感染omicron变种的住院儿童。在4-5周内与监护人进行了三次电话随访,12-13周,以及患者出院后24-25周了解他们的患病率,临床特征,和PCS的危险因素。
■112名住院儿科患者的年龄范围为0-13岁,中位年龄为19个月。经过三次随访,49.1%患者有PCS,而PCS持续3个月的发生率为21.4%,PCS的患病率持续6个月为10.7%。从第一个后续阶段到第三阶段,PCS的发生率显著下降.在婴儿中,最常见的持续性症状是睡眠障碍(19.2%),其次是呼吸道症状,腹泻(8.2%),和食欲下降(6.8%)。在儿童和青少年中,食欲下降是最常见的持续性症状(30.8%),其次是呼吸道症状,疲劳(15.4%),和情绪变化(15.4%)。食欲下降在儿童和青少年中更为常见,而腹泻和睡眠障碍在婴儿中更为常见。二元logistic回归分析和有序logistic回归分析显示,患病次数(OR=1.671,95%CI:1.339~2.086)与症状持续时间呈正相关。患病次数与咳嗽/咳痰呈正相关(OR=1.491,95%CI:1.039~2.138)。年龄(OR=0.844,95%CI:0.755-0.944)和再住院(OR=0.146,95%CI:0.022-0.969)与睡眠障碍呈正相关。
■Omicron变种的儿童可能仍然会经历PCS,但与成人和其他变种相比,其发病率较低,随着时间的推移,PCS的发病率会逐渐降低。PCS的症状在年龄较大的儿童和婴儿之间有所不同,有必要在COVID-19康复后至少半年内预防复发性疾病。为了进一步了解和改善PCS对COVID-19感染儿童健康的影响,后续的后续研究将扩大范围,结合客观的后续内容,并建立特别是针对不同年龄段儿童的评估和管理系统。
UNASSIGNED: Since the Chinese government changed its COVID-19 prevention and control policies, the rapid spread of the omicron variant resulted in a pervasive surge of infections throughout the nation, particularly affecting children. Although the acute symptoms of children infected with COVID-19 are milder compared to adults, the impact of post-COVID-19 syndromes (PCS) on the growth and development of children should not be ignored. The clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and long-term effects of children are significantly different from those of adults, making it necessary to understand the phenotype of children with PCS in order to effectively manage their health.
UNASSIGNED: The study focuses on hospitalized children infected with omicron variant in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from December 7, 2022, to January 5, 2023. Three telephone follow-ups with the guardians was conducted at 4-5 weeks, 12-13 weeks, and 24-25 weeks after the patients\' discharge to understand their prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of PCS.
UNASSIGNED: The age range of the 112 hospitalized pediatric patients was 0-13 years, with a median age of 19 months. After three follow-ups, 49.1% patients had PCS, while the incidence of PCS persisting 3 month was 21.4%, with a prevalence of PCS persisting 6 month of 10.7%. From the first follow-up phase to the third phase, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of PCS. In infants, the most common persistent symptom was sleep disorder (19.2%), followed by respiratory symptoms, diarrhea (8.2%), and decreased appetite (6.8%). In children and adolescents, decreased appetite was the most common persistent symptom (30.8%), followed by respiratory symptoms, fatigue (15.4%), and mood changes (15.4%). Decreased appetite was more common in the children and adolescents, while diarrhea and sleep disorders were more common in the infants. Binary logistic regression analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis showed that times of illness (OR = 1.671, 95% CI: 1.339-2.086) were positively correlated with the duration of symptoms. Times of illness was positively correlated with cough/expectoration (OR = 1.491, 95% CI: 1.039-2.138). Age (OR = 0.844, 95% CI: 0.755-0.944) and re-hospitalization (OR = 0.146, 95% CI: 0.022-0.969) were positively correlated with sleep disorders.
UNASSIGNED: Children with Omicron variant may still experience PCS, but the incidence is lower compared to adults and compared to other variants and the incidence of PCS will gradually decrease over time. The symptoms of PCS differ between older children and infants and it is necessary to prevent recurrent illness for at least half a year after COVID-19 recovery. In order to further understand and ameliorate the impact of PCS on the health of children infected with COVID-19, subsequent follow-up studies will expand the scope, combine with objective follow-up contents, and establish an assessment and management system especially for children of different ages.