■新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)内的共同职业,其中包括育儿活动,比如洗澡,喂养,尿布,舒适护理,和粘接,对婴儿的最佳发育具有重要意义。
■本主题系统综述探讨了在新生儿环境中促进父母和婴儿之间共同职业的支持和障碍。
■搜索四个数据库(MEDLINE,CINAHL,PsycINFO,和PubMed)导致20项研究符合数据提取的纳入标准。
■以家庭为中心的NICU设计,父母和NICU工作人员之间的良好沟通,身体接触增加,父母参与护理,心理健康,家长教育,同行支持,和已建立的父母角色被确定为共同职业参与的支持。确定的障碍包括物理隔离,失去父母的角色,NICU环境的限制,医疗技术,角色应变,心理负担,缺乏知识,和沟通差。
研究结果表明,新生儿职业治疗从业者可以通过解决障碍和增加现有支持来促进父母与婴儿的共同职业。
新生儿重症监护中共同职业的父母观点:障碍和支持的主题回顾本主题回顾探讨了当前的文献,以提供有关新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)中婴儿护理人员支持的信息。在NICU,婴儿依赖维持生命的任务,或职业,这需要照顾者和婴儿的参与,被称为“共同职业”。NICU环境的强度对婴儿和护理人员都有压力,经常限制共同职业的参与。这些共同职业,其中包括育儿活动,比如洗澡,喂养,尿布,舒适护理,和粘接,对婴儿的最佳发育具有重要意义。因此,职业治疗必须解决这种参与的局限性,并最好地提供促进互惠参与这些共同职业的护理。研究结果表明,父母与婴儿互动的障碍包括与婴儿的分离,断开与育儿角色的连接,NICU的限制,侵入性医疗技术,角色冲突,NICU的心理影响,缺乏医学知识和理解,与员工沟通不畅。支持因素包括以家庭为中心的NICU设计,良好的沟通与NICU的工作人员,身体接触的机会,父母的参与,心理支持,家长的教育和支持,以及育儿角色的确立。本综述的主题分析为促进父母与婴儿之间的参与提供了最佳方法,通过最小化可识别的障碍和放大支持因素的存在。
UNASSIGNED: Co-occupations within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which include parenting activities, such as bathing, feeding, diapering, comfort care, and bonding for attachment, are consequential for optimal infant development.
UNASSIGNED: This thematic systematic review examines supports and barriers for facilitating co-occupations between parents and infants in the neonatal setting.
UNASSIGNED: A search of four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed) resulted in 20 studies that met inclusion criteria for data extraction.
UNASSIGNED: Family-centered NICU design, good communication between parents and NICU staff, increased physical contact, parent involvement in caregiving, psychological wellness, parent education, peer support, and established parental roles are identified as supports to co-occupational engagement. Identified barriers include physical separation, loss of parental role, restrictions of the NICU environment, medical technology, role strain, psychological burden, lack of knowledge, and poor communication.
UNASSIGNED: Findings suggest that neonatal occupational therapy practitioners can facilitate parent-infant co-occupations by addressing barriers and augmenting existing supports.
Parent Perspectives of Co-Occupations in Neonatal Intensive Care: A Thematic Review of Barriers and SupportsThis thematic review explores the current literature to provide information to health care practitioners on supporting caregivers of infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In the NICU, infants are dependent on life-sustaining tasks, or occupations, that require the participation of both a caregiver and the infant, known as “co-occupations.” The intensity of the NICU environment is stressful to both the infant and caregiver, often limiting the engagement of co-occupations. These co-occupations, which include parenting activities, such as bathing, feeding, diapering, comfort care, and bonding for attachment, are consequential for optimal infant development. Therefore, occupational therapy must address the limitations of this engagement and best provide care that promotes reciprocal participation in these co-occupations. Findings indicate that barriers to parent-infant interactions include separation from the infant, disconnect from the parenting role, restrictions of the NICU, invasive medical technology, role conflicts, psychological impacts of the NICU, lack of medical knowledge and understanding, and poor communication with staff. Supportive factors include family-centered NICU designs, good communication with NICU staff, opportunities for physical contact, parental involvement, psychological support, parent education and support, and the establishment of parenting roles. The thematic analysis in this review informs the best approach for the facilitation of engagement between parents and their infants, by minimizing identifiable barriers and amplifying the presence of supportive factors.