目的:咀嚼功能受损的个体倾向于选择软性食物,这导致咀嚼肌活动减少。这项研究检查了口腔疾病(牙齿数量,咬合力,和咬合接触面积)和使用每日饮食问卷的饮食硬度。
方法:这项横断面研究评估了1841名69-71岁和79-81岁的参与者。注册牙医检查了牙齿的数量,咬合力,和咬合接触面积。饮食硬度定义为习惯性饮食所需的估计咀嚼肌活动。使用简短的自我管理的饮食史问卷评估上个月的习惯饮食。混杂因素,比如年龄,性别,社会经济地位,吸烟习惯,慢性病史(高血压,高脂血症,和糖尿病),和认知功能也进行了评估。进行多元线性回归分析以评估饮食硬度与每种口腔状况之间的关联。
结果:调整混杂因素后,咬合力(标准化回归系数[β]=0.08,P<0.01)和咬合接触面积(β=0.06,P<0.01)与膳食硬度显著相关。牙齿数量与饮食硬度没有显着相关。此外,饮食硬度之间的关联,性别,糖尿病病史比饮食硬度和口服因素之间的关系更强。
结论:根据每日饮食问卷的咀嚼肌活动估计,咬合力和接触面积与饮食硬度显著相关。
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with impaired masticatory function tend to prefer soft foods, which results in decreased masticatory muscle activity. This study examined the association between the oral condition (number of teeth, occlusal force, and occlusal contact area) and dietary hardness using a daily dietary questionnaire.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 1841 participants aged 69-71 and 79-81 years. Registered dentists examined the number of teeth, occlusal force, and occlusal contact area. Dietary hardness was defined as the estimated masticatory muscle activity required for a habitual diet. Habitual diet during the preceding month was assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Confounding factors, such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, history of chronic diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes), and cognitive function were also evaluated. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between dietary hardness and each oral condition.
RESULTS: Occlusal force (standardized regression coefficients [β]=0.08, P < 0.01) and occlusal contact area (β=0.06, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with dietary hardness after adjusting for the confounding factors. Number of teeth was not significantly associated with dietary hardness. In addition, the associations between dietary hardness, sex, and a history of diabetes were stronger than those between dietary hardness and oral factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal force and contact area were significantly associated with dietary hardness as estimated from the masticatory muscle activity using a daily diet questionnaire.