背景:糖尿病(DM)是一种以血糖水平升高为特征的慢性代谢性疾病。随着时间的推移,它会导致眼睛严重的并发症,心,血管,肾脏,和神经,是工作年龄患者失明的主要原因。
目的:这项描述性观察性横断面研究旨在评估影响一般成年糖尿病人群对其慢性疾病及其并发症的认识的因素。一项调查是在约旦不同地区的糖尿病患者中匿名分发的,为期四个月(2023年1月至2023年4月),针对糖尿病患者(DMT2或成人DMT1)。该链接已通过WhatsApp发送给愿意的候选人。收集的数据包括年龄,性别,区域,教育,家庭血糖(BS)测试,有关累积血糖测试(HbA1c)的知识,DM对眼睛的影响,眼镜师的作用,以及医生和营养师的随访。卡方检验或Fisher精确检验探讨了分类数据之间的关联;对色谱柱比例差异应用z检验。0.05的α水平被认为是统计学上显著的。IBMSPSSStatisticsforWindows,版本28(2021年发布;IBMCorp.,Armonk,纽约)用于数据分析。
结果:样本包括447名18-80岁的糖尿病成人。大多数是受过学校教育或离校生(278;62.2%);20(4.5%)拥有硕士学位或博士学位。最大的群体患有DM一到五年。胰岛素是188例患者的唯一治疗方法(42.1%),而口服降糖药(OHA)被170例患者(38%)用作唯一的抗DM药物。共有174名患者(38.9%)从未被眼科医生看过,153人(34.2%)认为验光师检查就足够了。尽管381(85.2%)报告知道DM会影响眼睛,272人(60.9%)认为他们只有在出现眼部症状时才需要去看眼科医生。不到一半(186;41.6%)的HbA1c读数为7%或更低。受教育程度和对糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的认识之间存在显着相关性:HbA1c,定期家庭BS检查,早期DR症状,和验光师参观。在约旦的主要地区,人们注意到意识的重大变化。去看营养师的HbA1c异常的糖尿病患者几乎是没有的患者的三倍。关于DM和DR的主要信息来源是298名(66.7%)受访者的治疗医生。
结论:在约旦,对DM和DR的认识并不能令人满意地帮助患者进行长途旅行,并发症最少。利用社交媒体的全国宣传运动和优先考虑北方的可持续筛查计划,南,需要约旦的中部地区。
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, it can lead to serious complications in the eyes, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves, being the leading cause of blindness among working-age patients.
OBJECTIVE: This descriptive observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the awareness of the general adult diabetic population about their chronic disease and its complications. A survey was distributed anonymously among diabetic patients in different parts of Jordan over four months (January 2023-April 2023), targeting diabetic patients (DMT2 or adults DMT1). The link was sent via WhatsApp to willing candidates. Data collected included age, sex, region, education, home blood sugar (BS) testing, knowledge about cumulative blood sugar test (HbA1c), eye affection by DM, optician role, and doctor and
nutritionist follow-up visits. A chi-squared test or Fisher\'s exact test explored the association between categorical data; a z-test was applied for column proportion differences. An alpha level of 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The sample comprised 447 diabetic adults aged 18-80 years. The majority were school-educated or school leavers (278; 62.2%); 20 (4.5%) held a master\'s or PhD degree. The largest group had DM for one to five years. Insulin was the sole treatment for 188 patients (42.1%), while oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) were used by 170 patients (38%) as the only anti-DM medication. A total of 174 patients (38.9%) had never been seen by an ophthalmologist, and 153 (34.2%) believed an optometrist checkup suffices. Although 381 (85.2%) reported knowing DM affects the eyes, 272 (60.9%) believed they needed to see an ophthalmologist only when experiencing eye symptoms. Less than half (186; 41.6%) had an HbA1c reading of 7% or less. There was a significant correlation between education level and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR): HbA1c, regular home BS checkups, early DR symptoms, and optometrist visits. Significant variations in awareness were noted across Jordan\'s major areas. Diabetics with abnormal HbA1c who visited a
nutritionist were almost triple those who did not. The main information source about DM and DR was the treating physician for 298 (66.7%) respondents.
CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of DM and DR in Jordan is not satisfactory for assisting patients in their long journey with minimal complications. A national awareness campaign utilizing social media and a sustainable screening program prioritizing the north, south, and middle regions of Jordan are needed.