电化学方法,随着电极的小型化,越来越多地用于检测和定量核酸生物标志物。通过使用丝网印刷电极(SPE)实现电极的小型化,由一到几十组电极组成,或利用印刷电路板。SPE中使用的电极材料包括玻璃碳(ChiangH-C,王勇,张Q,LevonK,生物传感器(巴塞尔)9:2-11,2019),铂金,碳,和石墨烯(ChengFF,他TT,苗HT,ShiJJ,江LP,朱JJ,ACS应用Mater接口7:2979-2985,2015)。电极表面也有许多修改(ChengFF,他TT,苗HT,ShiJJ,江LP,朱JJ,ACS应用Mater接口7:2979-2985,2015)。这些方法提供了独特的优势,主要是由于它们在没有扩增的情况下表现出优越的检测极限。使用SPE和恒电位仪,我们可以检测细胞,蛋白质,DNA,和RNA浓度在纳摩尔(nM)至阿托摩尔(aM)范围内。本章的重点是描述使用SPE进行核酸测量所采用的基本方法。
Electrochemical approaches, along with miniaturization of electrodes, are increasingly being employed to detect and quantify nucleic acid biomarkers. Miniaturization of the electrodes is achieved through the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), which consist of one to a few dozen sets of electrodes, or by utilizing printed circuit boards. Electrode materials used in SPEs include glassy carbon (Chiang H-C, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Levon K, Biosensors (Basel) 9:2-11, 2019), platinum, carbon, and graphene (Cheng FF, He TT, Miao HT, Shi JJ, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:2979-2985, 2015). There are numerous modifications to the electrode surfaces as well (Cheng FF, He TT, Miao HT, Shi JJ, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:2979-2985, 2015). These approaches offer distinct advantages, primarily due to their demonstrated superior limit of detection without amplification. Using the SPEs and potentiostats, we can detect cells, proteins, DNA, and RNA concentrations in the nanomolar (nM) to attomolar (aM) range. The focus of this chapter is to describe the basic approach adopted for the use of SPEs for nucleic acid measurement.