真菌次生代谢产物的限制生产阻碍了进行新型生物农药的全面研究和开发的能力。来自青霉属的OkaramineB显示出显着的杀虫功效;然而,其生物合成产量低,其调控机制尚不清楚。本研究发现,在生产可卡胺的菌株中,产量差异受到发酵模式的影响,并对巴氏疟原虫菌株NBP-49626进行了基因组和比较转录组分析,表现出显着的特征。NBP-49626基因组为37.4Mb,它编码10131个蛋白质编码基因。在浸没和半固体发酵过程中,鉴定出多达5097个差异表达基因(DEGs)。oka基因簇,缺乏调节和运输基因,尽管大多数已知的全球调节基因的转录趋势与oka的转录趋势不一致,但在响应OkaramineB的发酵模式和产量时显示出不同的转录模式。这项研究确定了五个潜在的调节基因,包括两个新的Zn(II)2Cys6转录因子,Reg2和Reg19。在色氨酸代谢和OkaramineB产量之间也观察到显着相关性。此外,几个转运蛋白基因被鉴定为DEGs。使用实时定量PCR证实了这些结果。这项研究提供了有关青霉菌中OkaramineB生物合成的调节机制的全面信息,对于进一步提高杀虫剂的产量至关重要。
Restricted production of fungal secondary metabolites hinders the ability to conduct comprehensive research and development of novel biopesticides. Okaramine B from Penicillium demonstrates remarkable insecticidal efficacy; however, its biosynthetic yield is low, and its regulatory mechanism remains unknown. The present study found that the yield difference was influenced by fermentation modes in okaramine-producing strains and performed genomic and comparative transcriptome analysis of P. daleae strain NBP-49626, which exhibits significant features. The NBP-49626 genome is 37.4 Mb, and it encodes 10,131 protein-encoding genes. Up to 5097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the submerged and semi-solid fermentation processes. The oka gene cluster, lacking regulatory and transport genes, displayed distinct transcriptional patterns in response to the fermentation modes and yield of Okaramine B. Although transcription trends of most known global regulatory genes are inconsistent with those of oka, this study identified five potential regulatory genes, including two novel Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors, Reg2 and Reg19. A significant correlation was also observed between tryptophan metabolism and Okaramine B yields. In addition, several transporter genes were identified as DEGs. These results were confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR. This study provides comprehensive information regarding the regulatory mechanism of Okaramine B biosynthesis in Penicillium and is critical to the further yield improvement for the development of insecticides.