noninvasive brain modulation

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    幻肢疼痛(PLP)是一种复杂的医学疾病,通常难以治疗,从而对患者的生活质量产生不利影响。没有标准化的临床治疗方法,也没有对其潜在机制的结论性理解。非侵入性脑刺激(NIBS)已用于发现大脑活动变化与各种大脑状况之间的相关性,包括神经系统疾病,精神疾病,和脑部疾病。研究还表明,NIBS可以有效缓解疼痛。这里,我们研究了关于特定类型NIBS的文献,称为经颅直流电刺激(TDCS),及其在PLP治疗中的应用。我们首先讨论有关tDCS工作机制的当前假设,然后研究已发表的有关其治疗PLP功效的证据。我们通过讨论单独的tDCS,并结合脑电图(EEG)和磁共振成像等脑成像技术,可用于进一步研究PLP的潜在机制。
    Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a complex medical condition that is often difficult to treat, and thus can become detrimental to patients\' quality of life. No standardized clinical treatments exist and there is no conclusive understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing it. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been used to find correlations between changes in brain activity and various brain conditions, including neurological disease, mental illnesses, and brain disorders. Studies have also shown that NIBS can be effective in alleviating pain. Here, we examined the literature on a particular type of NIBS, known as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and its application to the treatment of PLP. We first discuss the current hypotheses on the working mechanism of tDCS and then we examine published evidence of its efficacy to treat PLP. We conclude this article by discussing how tDCS alone, and in combination with brain imaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imagining, could be applied to further investigate the mechanisms underlying PLP.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    自闭症谱系障碍被归类为具有未知明确病因的神经发育障碍的谱系。自闭症谱系障碍患者在包括认知在内的多个领域表现出缺陷,记忆,注意,情感识别,和社交技能。没有明确的治疗或治愈,自闭症谱系障碍患者的主要干预措施是基于行为调节。最近,非侵入性脑调制技术,包括重复经颅磁刺激,间歇性theta爆发刺激,连续theta爆发刺激,和经颅直流电刺激已经研究了它们改变神经可塑性的治疗特性,特别是自闭症谱系障碍患者。来自小型队列研究的初步证据,试点研究,临床试验表明,各种非侵入性脑刺激技术对治疗自闭症谱系障碍的行为和认知表现都有治疗益处。然而,几乎没有数据可用于量化这些发现的临床意义以及接受经颅刺激的自闭症谱系障碍患者的长期结局.这篇综述的目的是强调无创大脑调节技术在自闭症谱系障碍患者中应用的最新进展。
    Autism spectrum disorder is classified as a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with an unknown definitive etiology. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder show deficits in a variety of areas including cognition, memory, attention, emotion recognition, and social skills. With no definitive treatment or cure, the main interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are based on behavioral modulations. Recently, noninvasive brain modulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, intermittent theta burst stimulation, continuous theta burst stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation have been studied for their therapeutic properties of modifying neuroplasticity, particularly in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Preliminary evidence from small cohort studies, pilot studies, and clinical trials suggests that the various noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have therapeutic benefits for treating both behavioral and cognitive manifestations of autism spectrum disorder. However, little data is available for quantifying the clinical significance of these findings as well as the long-term outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who underwent transcranial stimulation. The objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in the application of noninvasive brain modulation technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
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