自工业革命以来,为了应对生物多样性的丧失和气候变化,声景发生了巨大变化。人类活动,如航运,资源勘探和近海建设通过声音改变自然生态系统,可以以复杂的方式影响海洋物种。水下声音的研究是多学科的,跨越声学领域,物理学,动物生理学和行为对海洋生态和保护的影响。这些不同的背景导致使用各种不同的术语,指标、和汇总统计数据,这可能会妨碍研究之间的比较。不同类型的设备,分析途径,并且报告可以导致相同声源的不同结果,对影响评估有影响。对于有意义的比较和适当阈值的推导,缓解,和管理方法,有必要制定共同标准。本文简要概述了声学度量,用于长期监测音景的分析方法和报告标准。
Soundscapes have substantially changed since the industrial revolution and in response to biodiversity loss and climate change. Human activities such as shipping, resource exploration and offshore construction alter natural ecosystems through sound, which can impact marine species in complex ways. The study of underwater sound is multi-disciplinary, spanning the fields of acoustics, physics, animal physiology and behaviour to marine ecology and conservation. These different backgrounds have led to the use of various disparate terms, metrics, and summary statistics, which can hamper comparisons between studies. Different types of equipment, analytical pathways, and reporting can lead to different results for the same sound source, with implications for impact assessments. For meaningful comparisons and derivation of appropriate thresholds, mitigation, and management approaches, it is necessary to develop common standards. This paper presents a brief overview of acoustic metrics, analysis approaches and reporting standards used in the context of long-term monitoring of soundscapes.