UNASSIGNED: Urosepsis is a life-threatening medical condition due to a systemic infection that originates in the urinary tract. Early diagnosis and treatment of urosepsis are critical to reducing mortality rates and preventing complications. Our study was aimed at identifying a fast and reliable method for early urosepsis diagnosis and severity assessment by combining prognostic scores such as SOFA and NEWS with ultrasound examination and serum markers PCT and NLR.
UNASSIGNED: We performed a single-center prospective observational study in the Craiova Clinical Emergency Hospital. It initially analysed 204 patients admitted for sepsis of various origins in our hospital between June and October 2023. Those with urological conditions that were suspected to have urosepsis have been selected for the study so that finally 76 patients were included as follows: the severe cases with persistent hypotension requiring vasopressor were enrolled in the septic shock group (15 patients - 19.7%), while the rest were included in the sepsis group (61 patients - 80.3%). Mortality rate in our study was 10.5% (8/76 deaths due to sepsis).
UNASSIGNED: Both prognostic scores SOFA and NEWS were significantly elevated in the septic shock group, as were the sepsis markers PCT and NLR. We identified a strong significant positive correlation between the NEWS and SOFA scores (r = 0.793) as well as PCT and NLR (r=0.417). Ultrasound emergency evaluation proved to be similar to CT scan in the diagnosis of urosepsis (RR = 0.944, p=0.264). ROC analysis showed similar diagnostic performance for both scores (AUC = 0.874 for SOFA and 0.791 for NEWS), PCT and NLR (AUC = 0.743 and 0.717).
UNASSIGNED: Our results indicate that an accurate and fast diagnosis of urosepsis and its severity may be accomplished by combining the use of simpler tools like emergency ultrasound, the NEWS score and NLR which provide a similar diagnosis performance as other more complex evaluations.

UNASSIGNED: Patients with acute stroke are at risk of respiratory or circulatory compromise resulting in vital instability, which can be captured through the widely used aggregated National Early Warning Score (NEWS). We aimed to assess the relation between vital instability (defined as NEWS of five or higher) and death or dependency at 90 days after stroke.
UNASSIGNED: In this observational cohort study we studied 763 patients with ischaemic stroke (n = 400), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (n = 146) or subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (n = 217), hospitalized to a Dutch tertiary referral hospital from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. We calculated NEWS for each 8 h time span during the first 72 h after hospitalization. We also decomposed NEWS into its three components respiration, circulation and consciousness. The primary outcome was death or dependency (modified Rankin Scale score ⩾3) at 90 days after stroke. The association of vital instability with functional dependency was examined using Poisson regression.
UNASSIGNED: Two hundred and twenty-seven (58%) patients with ischaemic stroke, 101 (69%) with ICH and 142 (65%) with SAH had at least one episode of vital instability. In patients with ischaemic stroke or SAH, vital instability was associated after adjustment for confounders with death or dependency (adjusted relative risk 1.55 ((95% CI) 1.25-1.93 and 2.13 (1.35-3.36), respectively)). This was mainly driven by impaired consciousness, which was associated with death or dependency in all types of stroke. Respiratory insufficiency and circulatory instability were associated with death or dependency only in SAH.
UNASSIGNED: Vital instability in the first 72 h of hospitalization for ischaemic stroke or SAH is associated with death or dependency at 90 days. Impaired consciousness was the main driver of this relationship. NEWS may not be appropriate for patients with acute stroke, mainly due to the dichotomous manner in which the level of consciousness is classified, and modification of NEWS should be considered for these patients.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Journalistic reporting guidelines were created to curb the impact of unsafe reporting; however, how suicide is framed in news reports may differ by important characteristics such as the circumstances and the decedent\'s gender.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the degree to which news media reports of suicides are framed using stigmatized or glorified language and differences in such framing by gender and circumstance of suicide.
METHODS: We analyzed 200 news articles regarding suicides and applied the validated Stigma of Suicide Scale to identify stigmatized and glorified language. We assessed linguistic similarity with 2 widely used metrics, cosine similarity and mutual information scores, using a machine learning-based large language model.
RESULTS: News reports of male suicides were framed more similarly to stigmatizing (P<.001) and glorifying (P=.005) language than reports of female suicides. Considering the circumstances of suicide, mutual information scores indicated that differences in the use of stigmatizing or glorifying language by gender were most pronounced for articles attributing legal (0.155), relationship (0.268), or mental health problems (0.251) as the cause.
CONCLUSIONS: Linguistic differences, by gender, in stigmatizing or glorifying language when reporting suicide may exacerbate suicide disparities.

Today, many individuals read the daily news from social media platforms. Research has shown that news with negative valence might influence the well-being of individuals. Existing research that examined the impact of headlines on individuals\' well-being has primarily focused on examining the positive or negative polarity of words used in the headlines. In the present study, we adopt a different approach and ask participants to categorize the headlines themselves based on the emotions they experienced while reading them and how their choice impacts their well-being. A total of 306 participants were presented with 40 headlines from main news sites that were considered popular based on the number of public reactions. Participants had to rate their emotional experience of the headlines following five emotional states (i.e., happiness, anger, sadness, fear, and interest). Emotion regulation strategies and resilience were also measured. In line with our hypotheses, we found that participants reported experiencing negative emotions more intensively while reading the headlines. Emotion regulation was not found to influence the emotional states of individuals, whereas resilience did. These findings highlight that individuals can experience heightened emotions without reading the entire news story. This effect was observed regardless of the headline\'s emotional valence (i.e., positive, negative, or neutral). Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of interest as a factor in news consumption. Interest significantly affects individuals\' engagement and reactions to headlines, regardless of valence. The findings underscore the complex interplay between headline content and reader engagement and stress the need for further research into how headlines are presented to protect individuals from potential emotional costs.

In 203 (mean age = 38.04 years, SD=12.05) participants, we tested the association between valenced news and affect using a 14-day, smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment protocol consisting of two components: 1) a once-per-day experimental protocol in which participants were exposed to good news and bad news stories and 2) a four-times-per-day protocol capturing ecological fluctuations in news consumption. Across both protocols, we replicate findings that consumption of positively valenced news is associated with increased positive affect and decreased negative affect while consumption of negatively valenced news is associated with increased negative affect and decreased positive affect. By integrating the ecological momentary assessment data with network science methodologies, news selection and news effects were modeled simultaneously, uncovering selection processes whereby current positive affect, but not negative affect, predicted future valenced news consumption. Altogether, findings indicate that everyday news consumption influences positive and negative affect and may serve mood management functions for positive but not negative affect.

UNASSIGNED: Clinical deterioration in critically ill patients is a common phenomenon that can occur several hours before an adverse outcome. Early detection of subtle changes in vital signs, such as alterations in pulse rate and blood pressure, is crucial for preventing adverse events. However, these are not often recognized early enough to prompt quick intervention. The use of warning scores or assessment systems in the management of the critically ill in Nigeria has not been well evaluated. We assessed the association between the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) system and outcomes particularly mortality among the critically ill at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: This study is a retrospective study involving adults admitted to the medical and surgical wards between January 2021 and July 2021. Patient medical records were used to obtain data such as socio-demographics, and vital signs, which were used to compute the NEWS variable, diagnosis, length of stay, outcomes, and complications. Patients were classified as low, medium, and high-risk based on their NEWS scores within the first 24 hours of admission and 24 hours prior to the outcome of interest (death or discharge).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 405 patients were included in this study. Patients with low, medium, and high-risk NEWS scores within the first 24 hours of admission, had an 11.1%, 9%, and 17% chance of death respectively. In the NEWS score high-risk group 24 hours prior to outcome (death or discharge), the risk of mortality increased to 20.6% and there was a four-fold increase in odds of death.
UNASSIGNED: Our results showed that the NEWS score predicted outcome and may suggest that the implementation of the NEWS score as a routine tool for monitoring inpatients at the Jos University Teaching Hospital could help to detect patients at risk of adverse events.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and nature of news media coverage generated from press releases made by top-selling quick-service restaurants in Australia.
METHODS: We conducted a content analysis of press releases made between July 2021 and June 2022 by the five largest quick-service restaurant brands in Australia by brand share, including coding their main subject. We then conducted a content analysis of news media coverage related to the press releases, including coding its slant towards the brand.
RESULTS: Among 52 press releases, new food products (27% of press releases; all unhealthy foods) and corporate social responsibility activities (25%) were the most promoted subjects. For 62% of press releases, at least one news media item was identified. Among the 86 identified news media items, most related to press releases promoting new food products (45% of news media items) or corporate social responsibility activities (21%). News media items overwhelmingly had a slant favourable to the relevant brand (93%).
CONCLUSIONS: Press releases by top-selling quick-service restaurant brands in Australia commonly generate news media coverage that promotes such brands and their predominantly unhealthy products.
CONCLUSIONS: Policies restricting unhealthy food marketing should consider brand-generated news media coverage.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: In light of the dynamic COVID-19 pandemic, the exposure to pandemic-related media coverage may change over time and may be particularly relevant due to associations with psychopathological symptoms. The aims of the present study were to examine changes in media consumption over time and to analyze its prospective associations with psychological strain.
METHODS: The study uses a longitudinal observational design with ten periods of online data collection from March 2020 to April 2022 in an adult convenience sample (N = 8337) of the general population in Germany.
RESULTS: Our data revealed that the frequency and duration of pandemic-related media exposure as well as their subjective critical evaluation showed the highest levels at the beginning of the pandemic and peaked again in autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The primarily used media formats changed only slightly over time. The amount of media exposure at baseline was associated with more impairing pandemic-related anxiety 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years later.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results hint to potentially problematical and long-lasting associations of pandemic-related media consumption with mental strain. Our findings could serve as an orientation for recommendations, further research, and adequate interventions for a responsible dealing with media coverage.
BACKGROUND: The authors have pre-registered this research at clinicaltrials.gov without an analysis plan; retrievable at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331106 .

UNASSIGNED: We sought to assess the performance of commonly used clinical scoring systems to predict imminent clinical deterioration in patients hospitalized with suspected infection in rural Thailand.
UNASSIGNED: Patients with suspected infection were prospectively enrolled within 24 hours of admission to a referral hospital in northeastern Thailand between 2013 and 2017. In patients not requiring intensive medical interventions, multiple enrollment scores were calculated including the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), the Modified Early Warning Score, Between the Flags, and the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Scores were tested for predictive accuracy of clinical deterioration, defined as a new requirement of mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medications, intensive care unit admission, and/or death approximately 1 day after enrollment. The association of each score with clinical deterioration was evaluated by means of logistic regression, and discrimination was assessed by generating area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
UNASSIGNED: Of 4989 enrolled patients, 2680 met criteria for secondary analysis, and 100 of 2680 (4%) experienced clinical deterioration within 1 day after enrollment. NEWS had the highest discrimination for predicting clinical deterioration (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.78 [95% confidence interval, .74-.83]) compared with the Modified Early Warning Score (0.67 [.63-.73]; P < .001), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (0.65 [.60-.70]; P < .001), and Between the Flags (0.69 [.64-.75]; P < .001). NEWS ≥5 yielded optimal sensitivity and specificity for clinical deterioration prediction.
UNASSIGNED: In patients hospitalized with suspected infection in a resource-limited setting in Southeast Asia, NEWS can identify patients at risk of imminent clinical deterioration with greater accuracy than other clinical scoring systems.