本文回顾了正电子发射断层扫描-磁共振成像(PET-MRI)在神经科学中与精神病学相关的协同应用,特别是检查神经传递,表观遗传学,和动态成像方法。我们首先讨论PET和MRI模式为神经受体系统提供的补充见解,专注于多巴胺,阿片类药物,和5-羟色胺受体,以及它们对理解和治疗精神疾病的影响。我们进一步强调了最近使用放射性配体的PET-MRI研究,该研究能够对表观遗传学酶进行定量。特别是组蛋白脱乙酰酶,在体内大脑中。成像表观遗传学用于举例说明新型分子靶标的量化可能产生的影响,包括精神疾病的新治疗方法。最后,我们讨论了使用[18F]FDG(fPET-FDG)涉及功能性PET的创新设计,提供了有关葡萄糖代谢动态变化的详细信息。同时采集fPET-FDG和功能MRI为研究脑功能提供了一种时间分辨的方法。同时产生代谢和血液动力学信息,从而为精神病学研究开辟了新途径。总的来说,该综述强调了多模态PET-MRI方法的潜力,以提高我们对健康和疾病中大脑结构和功能的理解,这可以改善基于客观神经生物学特征和治疗反应监测的临床护理。证据水平:1技术效率:第1阶段。
This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET-MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET-FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET-FDG and functional MRI provide a time-resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET-MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.