坏死真菌Ascochytarabiei引起鹰嘴豆的Ascochyta疫病(AB)。A.rabiei感染植物的所有空中部分,这导致严重的产量损失。目前,AB病发生在大多数鹰嘴豆种植国家。在全球范围内,狂犬病杆菌感染的发病率增加以及新的侵袭性分离株的出现,使研究人员对了解这种真菌中致病决定子的进化产生了兴趣。在这次审查中,我们总结了病原体的分子和遗传研究以及有助于对抗疾病的方法。还提出了未来研究的可能领域。
Mycota王国,子囊门,杆菌类,亚类卵鳞藻,订购侧孢菌,Didymellaceae家族,Ascochyta属,rabiei物种.
A.rabiei主要在Cicer物种上生存。
A.rabiei感染植物的地上部分,包括叶子,叶柄,茎,豆荚,和种子。这种疾病症状首先表现为叶子和茎上浸水的病变,变成棕色或深棕色。早期症状包括叶片上可见的小圆形坏死病变和茎上的椭圆形棕色病变。在感染的后期,病变可能会使茎束带,束带上方的区域脱落。疾病严重程度在生殖阶段增加,病变呈同心环圆形,由于无性结构称为比尼迪亚,出现在树叶上,茎,和豆荚。受感染的豆荚变得枯萎,通常会导致枯萎和受感染的种子。
在条件对AB病发展最不利的地区,基于使用抗性或耐受性品种和种植鹰嘴豆的综合疾病管理的明智做法,可以避免作物失败。使用不含A.rabiei的健康种子,用杀菌剂进行种子处理,适当破坏病茬也可以减少真菌接种量。非宿主作物轮作对于控制该疾病至关重要。种植中等抗性品种和谨慎施用杀菌剂也是对抗AB病的一种方法。然而,AB抗性种质的稀缺和病原体的持续进化对疾病管理过程提出了挑战。
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The necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei causes Ascochyta blight (AB) disease in chickpea. A. rabiei infects all aerial parts of the plant, which results in severe yield loss. At present, AB disease occurs in most chickpea-growing countries. Globally increased incidences of A. rabiei infection and the emergence of new aggressive isolates directed the interest of researchers toward understanding the evolution of pathogenic determinants in this fungus. In this review, we summarize the molecular and genetic studies of the pathogen along with approaches that are helping in combating the disease. Possible areas of future research are also suggested.
kingdom Mycota, phylum Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes, subclass Coelomycetes, order Pleosporales, family Didymellaceae, genus Ascochyta, species rabiei.
A. rabiei survives primarily on Cicer species.
A. rabiei infects aboveground parts of the plant including leaves, petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. The disease symptoms first appear as watersoaked lesions on the leaves and stems, which turn brown or dark brown. Early symptoms include small circular necrotic lesions visible on the leaves and oval brown lesions on the stem. At later stages of infection, the lesions may girdle the stem and the region above the girdle falls off. The disease severity increases at the reproductive stage and rounded lesions with concentric rings, due to asexual structures called pycnidia, appear on leaves, stems, and pods. The infected pod becomes blighted and often results in shrivelled and infected seeds.
Crop failures may be avoided by judicious practices of integrated disease management based on the use of resistant or tolerant cultivars and growing chickpea in areas where conditions are least favourable for AB disease development. Use of healthy seeds free of A. rabiei, seed treatments with fungicides, and proper destruction of diseased stubbles can also reduce the fungal inoculum load. Crop rotation with nonhost crops is critical for controlling the disease. Planting moderately resistant cultivars and prudent application of fungicides is also a way to combat AB disease. However, the scarcity of AB-resistant accessions and the continuous evolution of the pathogen challenges the disease management process.
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