在许多头部和脊髓损伤的患者中,使用颈圈支撑头部和颈部是不可避免的。使用这种仪器的后果之一是压力伤害的发展。因此,在这项综述研究中,评估了本组患者颈领相关压力损伤的发生率和危险因素.当前的研究是2022年进行的范围审查。五个科学数据库(PubMed,Scopus,WebofScience,ProQuest,和CINAHL),以及谷歌学者,使用以下关键词搜索了1990年至2022年发表的相关研究:创伤,脊髓损伤,头部受伤,头部外伤,领子,颈圈,宫颈固定,危险因素,发病率,压力伤害,压疮,和床疼。搜索由两名研究人员独立进行。最初搜索的文章首先记录在特殊表格中,然后,由两名研究人员分别进行了回顾和分析。提取后,每篇文章的信息都被输入到一个按年份分类的特殊表格中,国家,研究设计,研究人群,颈圈相关压力损伤的发生率,颈圈相关压力性损伤的危险因素,和压力伤害等级。在这10篇文章中,6个是回顾性队列研究,3是横断面描述性研究,1是病例报告研究。就研究人群而言,一项针对儿科患者的研究,其中一项是针对老年患者进行的,八例是对头部和颈部外伤的成年人进行的。在八篇文章中,报告了颈圈相关压力性损伤的发生率.报告的发病率在1.1%和78.4%之间变化。在八篇文章中,报告了颈圈相关压力性损伤的危险因素.最常见的危险因素是使用颈圈的持续时间,在重症监护室住院,意识水平低,住院时间更长。当前的综述研究表明,使用颈圈的头颈部创伤患者中有很大一部分患有不同程度的压力损伤。因此,医疗保健提供者在照顾这组患者时应该考虑这个问题,并在这方面采取必要的预防措施。应该指出的是,以前在这一领域的研究有很大的局限性,因此,强烈建议用更强的方法进行进一步的研究。
The use of the cervical collar to support the head and neck is inevitable in many patients with head and spinal cord injuries. One of the consequences of using this instrument is the development of pressure injuries. Therefore, in this review study, the incidence of as well as the risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury in this group of patients was evaluated. The current study is a scoping review conducted in 2022. Five scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CINAHL), as well as Google Scholar, were searched for relevant studies published from 1990 to 2022 using the following keywords: trauma, spinal cord injury, head injury, head trauma, collar, cervical collar, cervical immobilization, risk factors, incidence, pressure injury, pressure ulcer, and bed sore. The search was performed independently by two researchers. Articles from the initial search were first recorded in special tables, and then, were reviewed and analyzed separately by two researchers. After extraction, information from each article was entered into a special table categorized by year, country, study design, study population, the incidence of cervical collar-related pressure injury, risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury, and grades of pressure injury. Of the 10 articles, 6 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were cross-sectional descriptive studies, and 1 was a case report study. In terms of the study population, one study was conducted on pediatric patients, one was conducted on elderly patients, and eight were conducted on adults with head and neck trauma. In eight articles, the incidence of cervical collar-related pressure injury was reported. The reported incidence varied between 1.1% and 78.4%. In eight articles, risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury were reported. The most common risk factors were duration of cervical collar use, hospitalization in intensive care units, low level of consciousness, and longer hospital stay. The current review study showed that a significant percentage of head and neck trauma patients for whom cervical collar is used suffer from different grades of pressure injuries. Hence, healthcare providers should consider this issue when caring for this group of patients and take the necessary preventive measures in this regard. It should be noted that previous studies in this field had significant limitations, and thereby, it is strongly recommended to conduct further studies with a stronger methodology.