■成人营养不良在整个印度仍然普遍存在,通常是由于食物匮乏造成的,这是指对具有热量和营养意义的食物的消费不足。因此,了解个人饮食中食物组缺失的程度,对于了解他们营养不足的程度至关重要。
■我们使用了2016年和2021年进行的两次全国家庭健康调查的数据进行了横断面分析。研究人群包括15-49岁的女性和孕妇,以及15-54岁的男性。我们研究了不食用乳制品的比例变化,豆类/豆类/豆类,深色绿叶蔬菜,水果,鸡蛋,女人中的鱼和肉,孕妇,和男人在两个时间点之间。我们还通过家庭财富和教育来研究这些模式,社会经济地位的两个重要标志。
■总的来说,我们发现女性较少,孕妇,与2016年相比,男性在2021年没有吃这六个食物组中的每一个。此外,女性之间的食物消费差距,孕妇,在2016年至2021年间,社会经济最低和最高群体中的男性萎缩。然而,在社会经济水平最低的群体中,食物匮乏仍然最为普遍。这两个例外是鸡蛋和肉/鱼。然而,大多数印度最贫穷和受教育程度最低的成年人都没有食用高质量的蛋白质来源,包括乳制品,这种消费在更富有和受教育程度更高的印度成年人中更为普遍。
■我们的结果表明,与2016年相比,2021年未食用重要食物组的成年人减少了。然而,许多印度最贫穷和受教育程度最低的成年人仍然没有食用高质量的蛋白质或水果,两种对健康至关重要的食物。虽然成年人可能从豆类中获得蛋白质和营养,豆类,豆子,和其他蔬菜,需要努力提高人们的承受能力,和访问,蛋白质和水果的优质来源。
■这项工作得到了比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的支持,INV-002992。
UNASSIGNED: Adult undernourishment remains pervasive throughout India, and often results from food deprivation, which refers to the inadequate consumption of foods with caloric and nutrient significance. Therefore, understanding the extent to which food groups are missing from an individual\'s diet is essential to understanding the extent to which they are undernourished.
UNASSIGNED: We used data from two National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2016 and 2021 for this cross-sectional analysis. The study population consisted of women and pregnant women between the ages of 15-49, and men between the ages of 15-54. We examined shifts in the percentage of people not consuming dairy, pulses/beans/legumes, dark leafy green vegetables, fruits, eggs, and fish and meat among women, pregnant women, and men between the two time points. We also examined these patterns by household wealth and education, two important markers of socioeconomic status.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, we found that fewer women, pregnant women, and men were not eating each of the six food groups in 2021 than in 2016. Additionally, the gap in food group consumption between women, pregnant women, and men in the lowest and highest socioeconomic groups shrank between 2016 and 2021. Yet, food group deprivation remained most prevalent among those in the lowest socioeconomic groups. The two exceptions for this were for eggs and meat/fish. Nevertheless, the majority of India\'s poorest and least educated adults are not consuming high-quality protein sources, including dairy, the consumption of which is far more common among wealthier and more educated Indian adults.
UNASSIGNED: Our results show that fewer adults were not consuming important food groups in 2021 than in 2016. However, many of India\'s poorest and least educated adults are still not consuming high-quality sources of protein or fruits, two food groups that are essential for good health. While adults might be getting protein and nutrients from pulses, legumes, beans, and other vegetables, efforts are needed to improve affordability of, and access to, high-quality sources of protein and fruits.
UNASSIGNED: This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, INV- 002992.