背景:人们越来越意识到需要分析早期离校者的精神疾病症状。退出义务教育限制了进入劳动力市场和接受教育的机会,这可能与一生中不断恶化的心理健康有关。这项纵向研究的目的是探讨早期离校者不在教育中,就业或培训(NEET)讲述他们与健康相关的工作生活轨迹,机构和性别关系。
方法:瑞典北方队列中的12名早期离校生(6名女性和6名男性)接受了超过40年的工作生活和健康状况的采访。他们的生活故事进行了分析,使用结构叙事分析,以检查他们的工作生活道路的演变,并确定共性,变异和性别模式。
结果:所有参与者都以“由于NEET身份而导致的青年不健康的性别工作生活”的相同位置开始。随后,三种不同的工作生活路径演变:“不稳定的性别化工作生活,对健康产生负面影响”,“健康挑战工作中稳定的性别化工作生活”和“自我实现的性别化工作生活,改善健康”。代理通过斗争叙述进行了谈判,生存叙事,应对叙事和救赎叙事。
结论:即使在1980年代初的瑞典这样的福利制度中,早期离校而不是教育,就业或培训经验丰富的与班级相关和性别相关的工作和生活条件,为健康创造了不平等的条件。尽管瑞典积极的劳动力市场政策和他们自己的代理做法,参与者仍然以NEET和不稳定的工作生活道路结束。劳动力市场政策应优先考虑减少失业,打击不稳定的就业,创造就业机会,在健康的环境中提供培训和补贴就业,并提供助学金以重新接受进一步教育。我们的研究强调需要进一步分析早期离校者一生中健康的背景和性别表达,以及在各种情况下克服逆境的个人机构。
BACKGROUND: There is increasing awareness of the need to analyse symptoms of mental ill-health among early school leavers. Dropping out of compulsory education limits access to the labour market and education and could be related to deteriorating mental health over the course of a lifetime. The aim of this longitudinal study is to explore how early school leavers not in education, employment or training (NEET) narrate their working life trajectories linked to health, agency and gender relations.
METHODS: Twelve early school leavers in the Swedish Northern Cohort (six women and six men) were interviewed over 40 years about their working life and health. Their life stories were analysed using structural
narrative analysis to examine the evolution of their working life paths and to identify commonalities, variations and gendered patterns.
RESULTS: All the participants started in the same position of \"an unhealthy gendered working life in youth due to NEET status\". Subsequently, three distinct working life paths evolved: \"a precarious gendered working life with negative health implications\", \"a stable gendered working life in health challenging jobs\" and \"a self-realising gendered working life with improved health\". Agency was negotiated through struggle narratives, survival narratives, coping narratives and redemption narratives.
CONCLUSIONS: Even in a welfare regime like Sweden\'s in the early 1980s, early school leavers not in education, employment or training experienced class-related and gendered working and living conditions, which created unequal conditions for health. Despite Sweden\'s active labour market policies and their own practices of agency, the participants still ended up NEET and with precarious working life paths. Labour market policies should prioritise reducing unemployment, combating precarious employment, creating job opportunities, providing training and subsidised employment in healthy environments, and offering grants to re-enter further education. Our study highlights the need for further analyses of the contextual and gendered expressions of health among early school leavers throughout their lifetime, and of individual agency in various contexts for overcoming adversities.