我们的名字是我们生命早期的社会标签。这项研究调查了自我实现的预言效应的可能性,其中个人的面部外观随着时间的推移而发展,以类似于与给定名字相关的社会刻板印象。利用面名匹配效应,这展示了一种将成年人的名字与他们的脸相匹配的能力,我们假设个体在成年期会与他们的社会刻板印象(名字)相似,而在童年时期则不会。为了检验这个假设,要求儿童和成人匹配儿童和成人的面孔和名字。结果显示,成人和儿童都正确地将成人面孔与相应的名字相匹配,明显高于机会水平。然而,当谈到孩子们的面孔和名字时,参与者无法做出准确的关联.补充我们的实验室研究,我们采用了一个机器学习框架来处理面部图像数据,结果发现,与不同名字的成年人相比,相同名字的成年人的面部表征更相似.在儿童的面部表情中不存在这种相似性模式,从而加强了自我实现预言假说的理由。此外,面部名称匹配效果是明显的成人,但不是为儿童的脸,人为年龄类似成人,支持社会发展在这一效应中的推测作用。一起,这些发现表明,即使我们的面部外观也会受到社会因素的影响,例如我们的名字,证实了社会期望的强大影响。
Our given name is a social tag associated with us early in life. This study investigates the possibility of a self-fulfilling prophecy effect wherein individuals\' facial appearance develops over time to resemble the social stereotypes associated with given
names. Leveraging the face-name matching effect, which demonstrates an ability to match adults\'
names to their faces, we hypothesized that individuals would resemble their social stereotype (name) in adulthood but not in childhood. To test this hypothesis, children and adults were asked to match faces and
names of children and adults. Results revealed that both adults and children correctly matched adult faces to their corresponding
names, significantly above the chance level. However, when it came to children\'s faces and names, participants were unable to make accurate associations. Complementing our lab studies, we employed a machine-learning framework to process facial image data and found that facial representations of adults with the same name were more similar to each other than to those of adults with different
names. This pattern of similarity was absent among the facial representations of children, thereby strengthening the case for the self-fulfilling prophecy hypothesis. Furthermore, the face-name matching effect was evident for adults but not for children\'s faces that were artificially aged to resemble adults, supporting the conjectured role of social development in this effect. Together, these findings suggest that even our facial appearance can be influenced by a social factor such as our name, confirming the potent impact of social expectations.