背景:已发现补充长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)可减少过敏性疾病的发展。
目的:本研究的目的是比较富含二十碳五烯酸(20:5n-3;EPA)或二十二碳六烯酸(22:6n-3;DHA)的鱼油饮食抑制食物过敏症状的效果。
方法:小鼠饲喂对照饮食(10%大豆油)或富含EPA的鱼油饮食(4%大豆油+6%EPA油,含28.8%EPA和13.7%DHA)或DHA(4%大豆油+6%DHA油,含7%EPA和27.8%DHA),在用花生提取物(PE)或乳清进行口服致敏之前14d开始,持续5周。急性过敏性皮肤反应,血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),和粘膜肥大细胞蛋白酶-1(mmcp-1)进行评估。将超免疫血清转移至饲喂不同饮食的幼稚受体小鼠。
结果:与对照或EPA饮食相比,DHA饮食有效降低了PE过敏小鼠的急性过敏性皮肤反应(对照,159±15,或EPA,129±8,vs.DHA,78±7μm;分别为P<0.0001或P<0.05)。相比之下,DHA和EPA饮食都降低了乳清过敏小鼠的过敏性皮肤反应(对照,169±9,vs.DHA,91±13,或EPA,106±14μm;分别为P<0.001或P<0.01);然而,只有DHA饮食降低mmcp-1和乳清特异性IgE和IgG1。DHA和EPA饮食也降低了被动免疫小鼠的急性皮肤反应。
结论:富含DHA的鱼油饮食降低了PE和乳清过敏小鼠对乳清的过敏敏感性和过敏症状。这些数据表明,富含DHA的鱼油可用作预防或治疗食物过敏症状的干预措施。
BACKGROUND: Supplementation with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been found to reduce the development of allergic disease.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of fish oil diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) in suppressing food allergic symptoms.
METHODS: Mice were fed a control diet (10% soybean oil) or fish oil diet rich in EPA (4% soybean oil + 6% EPA oil containing 28.8% EPA and 13.7% DHA) or DHA (4% soybean oil + 6% DHA oil containing 7% EPA and 27.8% DHA), starting 14 d before and for 5 wk during oral sensitization with peanut extract (PE) or whey. Acute allergic skin responses, serum immunoglobulins (Igs), and mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) were assessed. Hyperimmune serum was transferred to naive recipient mice fed the different diets.
RESULTS: The DHA diet effectively reduced the acute allergic skin response compared with the control or EPA diet in PE-allergic mice (control, 159 ± 15, or EPA, 129 ± 8, vs. DHA, 78 ± 7 μm; P < 0.0001 or P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, both the DHA and EPA diets reduced the allergic skin response in whey allergic mice (control, 169 ± 9, vs. DHA, 91 ± 13, or EPA, 106 ± 14 μm; P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively); however, only the DHA diet reduced mmcp-1 and whey-specific IgE and IgG1. The DHA and EPA diets also reduced the acute skin response in passively immunized mice.
CONCLUSIONS: The DHA-rich fish oil diet reduced allergic sensitization to whey and allergic symptoms in both PE- and whey-allergic mice. These data suggest that DHA-rich fish oil is useful as an intervention to prevent or treat food allergy symptoms.