目的:在本文中,我们旨在探讨举重运动员目前和以前长期使用合成代谢-雄激素类固醇(AAS)对全身炎症标志物和细胞外基质(ECM)重塑介质调节的影响,以及它们与激素和超声心动图心肌病理学的关系.
方法:在一项横断面研究中,93名举重AAS用户,其中62个是当前用户,31个是过去用户,至少有一年的累计AAS使用(平均11±7年的累计AAS使用),使用临床访谈将其与54名非使用举重对照(WLC)进行比较,血压测量,还有超声心动图.
结果:血清白细胞介素(IL)-6,IL-8,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),干扰素(IFN)γ,生长分化因子(GDF)-15和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9),分析了性激素和血脂。与以前的用户和WLC相比,当前AAS用户的IL-8,GDF-15和MMP-9的血清水平显着增加。MMP-9,而不是IL-8,与性激素水平一致相关,性激素水平与平均壁厚一致相关,在当前用户中。此外,与以前的AAS用户相比,当前的HDL胆固醇显着降低,在当前用户中与MMP-9呈显著负相关。Further,在当前用户中,MMP-9和IL-8与心肌应变标志物相关,和MMP9也有心脏质量指数,这在以前的用户中没有看到。中介分析表明,MMP-9可以部分解释激素诱导的当前使用者心肌损伤标志物的改变。
结论:结论:长期AAS与炎症和细胞外基质重塑的标志物水平升高有关,它似乎与心肌功能障碍的标志物有激素依赖性(MMP-9)和激素非依赖性(IL-8)的关联。
长期使用合成代谢-雄激素类固醇(AAS)可以增加炎症和细胞外基质(ECM)重塑的介质,这可能与这些个体的心肌病理学有关。AAS运用增高炎性标记物IL-8和ECM重塑标记物MMP-9的程度。IL-8和MMP-9均与目前的心肌组织病理有关,但不是以前的用户,提示这些标志物与AAS使用期间心肌损伤的风险相关。
OBJECTIVE: In the current paper, we aim to explore the effect of both current and former long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use on regulation of systemic inflammatory markers and mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and their association with hormones and echocardiographic myocardial pathology in weightlifters.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 93 weightlifting AAS-users, of which 62 were current and 31 were past users, with at least one-year cumulative AAS-use (mean 11±7 accumulated years of AAS-use), were compared to 54 non-using weightlifting controls (WLC) using clinical interview, blood pressure measurements, and echocardiography.
RESULTS: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)γ, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), sex hormones and lipids were analyzed. Serum levels of IL-8, GDF-15 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in current AAS users compared to former users and WLC. MMP-9, but not IL-8, correlated consistently with sex-hormone levels, and sex-hormone levels correlated consistently with mean wall thickness, in current users. Moreover, HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in current versus former AAS users, in significantly inversely correlated with MMP-9 in current users. Further, in current users, MMP-9 and IL-8 correlated with markers of myocardial strain, and MMP9 also with indices of cardiac mass, which was not seen in former users. Mediation analyses suggested that MMP-9 could partly explain hormone-induced alterations in markers of myocardial damage in current users.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, long-term AAS is associated with increased levels of markers of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which seems to have a hormone-dependent (MMP-9) and hormone-independent (IL-8) association with markers of myocardial dysfunction.
Long-term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) can increase inflammation and mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling which potentially could be involved in myocardial pathology seen in these individuals. AAS use increased levels of inflammatory marker IL-8 and marker of ECM remodeling MMP-9.IL-8 and MMP-9 were both associated with myocardial pathology in current, but not former users, suggesting that these markers are association with risk of myocardial damage during AAS use.