Muscular tuberculosis as a primary focal lesion in an immunocompetent individual without any underlying bone involvement is a rare finding. The authors present a case of a young female in her 30s who presented with complaints of recurrent discharging sinus in the posteromedial aspect of the proximal right thigh for eight months. The patient was treated by surgical debridement followed by antitubercular therapy (ATT) and has shown full recovery during the post-eight-month treatment period. Such a presentation of primary tubercular pyomyositis imposes a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic challenge.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with broad pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations. Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is a complex extrapulmonary infection known for its diverse clinical features including meningitis, tuberculoma, and spinal arachnoiditis. Particularly, tuberculosis meningitis can further lead to complications such as ischemic stroke.  This article presents a challenging case of a 35-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis, followed by viral-like central nervous system symptoms, ultimately complicated by tuberculosis meningitis and basal ganglia ischemic stroke.  This case presentation underscores the diagnostic complexities associated with CNS-TB and emphasizes on the critical need for heightened awareness of the wide-ranging clinical presentations that can potentially delay early disease recognition and management.

Introduction Veterinarians and other professionals who interact with animals on a daily basis encounter an elevated risk of exposure to both known and as-yet-undiscovered microbial agents. Additionally, they are also exposed to physical, chemical, and environmental hazards. Enhancing occupational health and safety in this context carries significant global significance. Methods This study aimed to comprehensively identify and outline the various biological, physical, chemical, and environmental health threats that were encountered by veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we designed a self-completed questionnaire for 529 participants. The survey encompassed potential occupational hazards such as microbial diseases, injuries resulting from animal bites and scratches, allergies, and environmental risks like sunstroke and dust storms. Results Among the 529 participating veterinarians, 45.9% (243 individuals) reported instances of zoonotic diseases within the past five years. Notably, potential viral agents included Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, avian influenza, and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Bacterial diseases were also frequently documented, with brucellosis (18.7%) and salmonellosis (7.9%) being notable pathogens. Protozoal infections were led by Leishmaniosis, constituting the most commonly detected protozoa (29 /529, 5.5%). Interestingly, 345 (65.2%) of the individuals reported that they have experienced animal bites and scratches. Needle stick injuries were also a common occupational hazard, with an incidence rate of 19.1%. Additionally, chemical exposure was prevalent, particularly to disinfectants (57.5%) and veterinary drugs (23.4%). The study participants also reported their exposure to various environmental hazards, including sunstroke, dust, sandstorms, and heavy rains. Conclusion The findings of this study draw attention to a concerning trend among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. Their personal health and safety appear to receive inadequate attention, potentially heightening the risk of occupationally related health hazards. These outcomes highlight the need for a reevaluation of safety protocols and infection control practices within the veterinary profession. The implications of this study can potentially inform the development of policies and initiatives aimed at mitigating occupationally related health hazards among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia.

Neck masses are a very common clinical problem and it remains a diagnostic challenge due to multiple differential diagnoses ranging from benign to severe etiologies. All physicians should equip themselves with knowledge of common and locally prevalent causes of neck masses and manage them accordingly. We present a case of a young patient with no prior medical history who developed cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. We discuss the physical examination, evolution, diagnosis, and treatment of the case.