护理计划对于为患有多种慢性病的人提供有效的护理至关重要。但是现有的护理计划-通常很难在护理环境和护理团队成员之间共享-对患有多种慢性病的人的服务很差,他们经常在多个护理环境中接受众多临床医生的护理。全面,共享电子护理(e-care)计划是动态的电子工具,可促进护理协调并满足各种护理环境中的健康和社会需求。它们已成为改善对多种慢性病患者的护理的潜在方法。
回顾电子护理计划和护理计划相关举措的前景,共享电子护理计划,并告知美国国立卫生研究院和医疗保健研究与质量局的联合倡议,为患有多种慢性病的人开发电子护理计划工具。
我们进行了范围审查,使用Scopus搜索2015年至2020年6月的文献,临床关键,和PubMed;我们还搜索了灰色文献。要确定此搜索中可能缺少的计划,我们采访了专家线人。然后,使用适合我们研究背景的扩展类型的护理计划,以结构化格式识别并提取相关数据,以进行数据合成和分析。提取的数据包括(1)倡议的视角;(2)倡议的范围,(3)网络,和(4)上下文;(5)他们对开放语法标准的使用;以及(6)他们对开放语义标准的使用。
我们确定了7个电子护理计划项目和3个医疗保健数据标准项目。每个项目都提供了关键的基础设施,可以利用这些基础设施来促进全面、共享电子护理计划。所有的e-care计划项目都支持广泛的目标和具体的行为;1个项目支持跨临床,社区,和基于家庭的网络;4个项目包括健康的社会决定因素。大多数项目指定了开放语法标准,但只有3个指定了开放的语义标准。
全面,共享,可互操作的电子护理计划有可能大大改善跨多个护理环境的多种慢性病患者的护理协调。在持续的COVID-19大流行之后,对这样一个计划的需求更加迫切。虽然现有的护理计划项目都不符合最佳电子护理计划的所有标准,它们都提供了关键的基础设施,随着我们朝着全面的愿景前进,共享电子护理计划。然而,为了实现这一愿景,必须解决关键差距。
Care plans are central to effective care delivery for people with multiple chronic conditions. But existing care plans-which typically are difficult to share across care settings and care team members-poorly serve people with multiple chronic conditions, who often receive care from numerous clinicians in multiple care settings. Comprehensive, shared electronic care (e-care) plans are dynamic electronic tools that facilitate care coordination and address the totality of health and social needs across care contexts. They have emerged as a potential way to improve care for individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
To review the landscape of e-care plans and care plan-related initiatives that could allow the creation of a comprehensive, shared e-care plan and inform a joint initiative by the National Institutes of Health and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to develop e-care planning tools for people with multiple chronic conditions.
We conducted a scoping review, searching literature from 2015 to June 2020 using Scopus, Clinical Key, and PubMed; we also searched the gray literature. To identify initiatives potentially missing from this search, we interviewed expert informants. Relevant data were then identified and extracted in a structured format for data synthesis and analysis using an expanded typology of care plans adapted to our study context. The extracted data included (1) the perspective of the initiatives; (2) their scope, (3) network, and (4) context; (5) their use of open syntax standards; and (6) their use of open semantic standards.
We identified 7 projects for e-care plans and 3 projects for health care data standards. Each project provided critical infrastructure that could be leveraged to promote the vision of a comprehensive, shared e-care plan. All the e-care plan projects supported both broad goals and specific behaviors; 1 project supported a network of professionals across clinical, community, and home-based networks; 4 projects included social determinants of health. Most projects specified an open syntax standard, but only 3 specified open semantic standards.
A comprehensive, shared, interoperable e-care plan has the potential to greatly improve the coordination of care for individuals with multiple chronic conditions across multiple care settings. The need for such a plan is heightened in the wake of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While none of the existing care plan projects meet all the criteria for an optimal e-care plan, they all provide critical infrastructure that can be leveraged as we advance toward the vision of a comprehensive, shared e-care plan. However, critical gaps must be addressed in order to achieve this vision.