Acremonium被认为是一种非常普遍的属,包括腐殖质,寄生,或栖息在各种环境中的内生真菌。该属的物种在工业中被广泛利用,商业,Pharmaceutical,和生物防治应用,并被证明是新型生物活性次级代谢产物的丰富来源。Cremonium已被认为是分类上困难的子囊菌群,由于形态特征的降低和高度可塑性,广泛的生态分布和底物范围。分子系统发育的最新进展,揭示了Acremonium是高度多亲性的,并且是Acremoniums.lat的成员。至少属于三种不同的梭菌,其中有许多订单,具有acremonum样形态的科和属仍未定义。为了推断系统发育关系并建立acremonium类分类群的自然分类,系统分析是基于具有全球分布和不同底物的大量培养物进行的。共有633种具有acremonum样形态的培养物,包括来自89个国家的261种外来文化和包括土壤在内的各种基质,植物,真菌,人类,昆虫,空气,和水进行了检查。基于三个基因座(ITS,LSU,生成rpb2)来分隔订单和系列。基于四个基因座(ITS,LSU,rpb2,tef-1α)用于在属类和家族水平上划定物种。结合形态特征,主机协会和生态分析,在本研究中评估的acremonum类物种目前被分配到63属,和头颅的14个家庭,GlomerellalesandHypocreales,主要在生物科中,丝裂菌科和丝裂菌科和五个新的亚科,即菊科,新猕猴桃科,Nothoacremoniaceae,假乌贼科和缬草科。其中,提出了17个新属和63个新组合,描述了65个新物种。此外,指定一个典型和一个新类型来稳定分类和使用旧名称。这项研究的结果表明,大多数种属的Cremoniums.lat。按Bionectriaceae属分组,包括A型交替。为Bionectriaceae提供了系统发育骨干树,其中确认了183种,解决了39个得到良好支持的属,包括10个新属。此外,建议将rpb2和tef-1α作为潜在的DNA条形码,用于鉴定Bionectriaceae中的分类单元。分类新颖性:新家庭:菊科L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,新猕猴桃科L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,无花果科L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,假乌贼科L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,葡萄树科L.W.Hou,L、蔡和克罗斯。新属:生物绿藻科:AlloacremoniumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,GossypinidiumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,MonohydropisphaeraL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,MusananaesporiumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,ParagliomastixL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,PhyprophialisL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,ProxiovicilliumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,RamosiphorumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,VerruciconidiaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,WaltergamsiaL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;木耳科:SuablephorumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous;Neoacremoniaceae:NeoacremoniumL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Nothoacremoniaceae:NothoacremoniumL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;丛生菌丝科:AlomusicilliumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,ParafuscohyphaL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;假乌贼科:假乌贼L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Sarocladaceae:花粉菌L.W.Hou,L、蔡和克罗斯。新物种:Bionectriaceae:AlloacremonumferrugogenumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Al.humicolaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,K.A.aeriumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.BrunneisporumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.衣原体L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,A.椭圆体L.W.侯,Rämä,L.Cai&Crous,A.gamsianumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.longiphialidicumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.multiramosumL.W.Hou,Rämä,L.Cai&Crous,A.mycoparasiticumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.斯特鲁迪·K·弗莱彻,F.C.Küpper&P.vanWest,A.SubulatumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,A.合线线虫L.W.侯,Rämä,L.Cai&Crous,毒虫L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,B.椭圆体L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,B.truncumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,布伦内格图拉·W·侯翡翠,L.Cai&Crous,GliomastixmusaeL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,侯文,L.Cai&Crous,HapsisporastercorariaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,H.variabilisL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,MycocitrusodorusL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,NectriopsisellisoideaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,aurantiacumL.W.Hou副树皮,L.Cai&Crous,Pn.foliicolaLechat&J.Fourn。,ParagliomastixroseaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,PumerophialisapiculataL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,ProtocrepsisfinnmarkicaL.W.Hou,L.Cai,Rämä&Crous,鳞翅目原虫侯,L.Cai&Crous,后拉莫西弗,L.Cai&Crous,R.PolyporicolaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,R.thailandicumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,侯氏疣,L.Cai&Crous,Ve.InfuscataL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Ve.quercinaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Ve.siccicapitaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Ve.UnguisL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,胡氏碱性细菌,L.Cai&Crous,W.catenataL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,W.摩洛哥L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,W.obpyriformisL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;菊科:菊科,L.Cai和Crous;Nectriaceae:Xenoacremonium尿囊L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Neoacremoniaceae:NeoacremoniumertitumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,N.黄L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous;Nothoacremoniaceae:NothoacremoniumsubcylindricumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,不。侯膀胱,L.Cai和Crous;Myrotheciomycetocetaceae:TrichotheciumhongkongenseL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;丛枝菌丝科:布鲁新酵母,L.Cai&Crous,ParafuscohyphaproliferataL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Sarocladaceae:衣原体acaciaeL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,C.南极L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,C.guttulatumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,C.LoliiL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,C.soliL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,C.terrestreteL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,软骨骨旁拉菌L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,富孢子菌L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,SarocladiumagariciL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,美国柑橘L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,S.FerruginumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,S.fuscumL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,S.TheobromaeL.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Valsonectriae:ValsonectriachemicgenaL.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,V.HilarisL.W.Hou,L、蔡和克罗斯。新组合:Bionectriaceae:Purrasincens(Sukapure和Thirum。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,奥布西氏菌(Malloch)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Bu.borodinense(Tad.Itoetal.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Bu.Pinkertoniae(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Bu.Spinosum(Negroni)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Emericellopsisexouviara(Sigleretal.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,E.fimetaria(Pers。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,E.fucki(萨默布。etal.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,E.moniliformis(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,E.沙门氏菌(W.Gams&Lodha)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,E.tubakii(Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,镰刀菌(Berk。&布鲁姆)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,hapsidosporachrysogena(Thirum。&Sukapure)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,H.flava(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,H.globosa(Malloch&Cain)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,H.inversa(Malloch&Cain)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,aurantiacahydropisphaeraaurantiaca(C.A.J.rg.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Lasionectriaatrorubra(Lechat&J.Fourn。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,L.bisepta(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,L.castaneicola(Lechat&Gardiennet)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,L.谷物(P.喀斯特。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,L.奥利达(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Lasionectriopsisdentifera(Samuels)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Lasionectriellaarenuloides(Samuels)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,La.marigotensis(Lechat&J.Fourn.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,单氢异位动物(Berk。&布鲁姆)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Musananaesporiumtectonae(R.F.Castañeda)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Mycocitruszonatus(Sawada)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Nectriopsismicrospora(Jaap)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,卵黄菌(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,O.variecolor(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Paracylindrocarponmultioculatum(Samuels)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Pn.multiseptatum(Samuels)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,ChiangraiensisParagliomastix(J.F.Li等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Px.吕祖拉(操)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Px.znieffensis(Lechat&J.Fourn.)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,原虫(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,布氏原虫(Matr。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,红藻(Gams&Sivasith。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,Perrucconidiapersicina(Nicot)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,Ve.疣(W.Gams&Veenb。-Rijks)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,胡桃木(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,W.双孢子菌(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,W.epimycota(Samuels)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,W.fusidioides(Nicot)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,W.hennebertii(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,W.parva(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,W.pilosa(A.Giraldo等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous,W.zeylanica(Petch)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;头孢科:嗜热phialemonium(W.Gams&J.Lacey)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;锁骨科:喜树属(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;仙人掌科:仙人掌(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;Nothoacremoniaceae:Nothoacremoniumexiguum(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous;Neoacremoniaceae:Neoacremoniumminutsporum(Sukapure&Thirum。)L.W.侯,L、蔡和克罗斯;Ne。台湾(K.L.Pang等人)L.W.侯,L、蔡和克罗斯;Ne。蛋黄(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;丛生菌丝科:多姆希氏变形虫(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,假泽伊兰布鲁诺酵母(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai和Crous;假乌贼科:假乌贼小孢子菌(W.Gams等人。)L.W.侯,L.Cai&Crous;Sarocladaceae:Culvulum衣原体(W.Gams)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,真菌副球藻(Sukapure&Thirum。)L.W.侯,L.Cai和Crous;Valsonectriae:Valsonectriainflata(C.H.Dickinson)L.W.Hou,L.Cai&Crous,V.罗斯奥拉(G.Sm.)L.W.侯,L、蔡和克罗斯。原型(别名):SphaeriaviolaceaJ.C.SchmidtexFr.新类型(别名):马斯蒂戈拉尼亚·布奇尼·马特。引文:侯路,GiraldoA,GroenewaldJZ,RämäT,SummerbellRC,ZangP,蔡L,克罗斯PW(2023年)。Hypecreales中acremonum样真菌的再处置。真菌学研究105:23-203。doi:10.3114/sim.2023.105.02。
Acremonium is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. Acremonium has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that Acremonium is highly polyphyletic and members of Acremonium s. lat. belong to at least three distinct orders of Sordariomycetes, of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef-1α) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in Cephalothecales, Glomerellales and Hypocreales, mainly in the families Bionectriaceae, Plectosphaerellaceae and Sarocladiaceae and five new hypocrealean families, namely Chrysonectriaceae, Neoacremoniaceae, Nothoacremoniaceae, Pseudoniessliaceae and Valsonectriaceae. Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of Acremonium s. lat. grouped in genera of Bionectriaceae, including the type A. alternatum. A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for Bionectriaceae, in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, rpb2 and tef-1α are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in Bionectriaceae. Taxonomic novelties: New families: Chrysonectriaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Neoacremoniaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nothoacremoniaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pseudoniessliaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Valsonectriaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New genera: Bionectriaceae: Alloacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gossypinidium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Monohydropisphaera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Musananaesporium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paragliomastix L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proliferophialis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proxiovicillium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ramosiphorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Clavicipitaceae: Subuliphorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae: Neoacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae: Nothoacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae: Allomusicillium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parafuscohypha L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Pseudoniessliaceae: Pseudoniesslia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae: Polyphialocladium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New species: Bionectriaceae: Alloacremonium ferrugineum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Al. humicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Acremonium aerium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. brunneisporum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. chlamydosporium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. ellipsoideum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, A. gamsianum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. longiphialidicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. multiramosum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, A. mycoparasiticum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. stroudii K. Fletcher, F.C. Küpper & P. van West, A. subulatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. synnematoferum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium ammophilae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, B. ellipsoideum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, B. truncatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Emericellopsis brunneiguttula L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gliomastix musae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gossypinidium sporodochiale L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hapsidospora stercoraria L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. variabilis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Mycocitrus odorus L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nectriopsis ellipsoidea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paracylindrocarpon aurantiacum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pn. foliicola Lechat & J. Fourn., Paragliomastix rosea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proliferophialis apiculata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis finnmarkica L.W. Hou, L. Cai, Rämä & Crous, Proxiovicillium lepidopterorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ramosiphorum echinoporiae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. polyporicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. thailandicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia erythroxyli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. infuscata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. quercina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. siccicapita L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. unguis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia alkalina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. catenata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. moroccensis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. obpyriformis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Chrysonectriaceae: Chrysonectria crystallifera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nectriaceae: Xenoacremonium allantoideum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae: Neoacremonium distortum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, N. flavum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae: Nothoacremonium subcylindricum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, No. vesiculophorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Myrotheciomycetaceae: Trichothecium hongkongense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae: Brunneomyces polyphialidus L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parafuscohypha proliferata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae: Chlamydocillium acaciae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. antarcticum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. guttulatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. lolii L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. soli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. terrestre L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parasarocladium chondroidum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,Polyphialocladium fusisporum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Sarocladium agarici L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. ferrugineum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. fuscum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,S. theobromae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Valsonectriaceae: Valsonectria crystalligena L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, V. hilaris L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New combinations: Bionectriaceae: Acremonium purpurascens (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium arxii (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. borodinense (Tad. Ito et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. pinkertoniae (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. spinosum (Negroni) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Emericellopsis exuviara (Sigler et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fimetaria (Pers.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fuci (Summerb. et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. moniliformis (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. salmonea (W. Gams & Lodha) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. tubakii (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Fusariella arenula (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hapsidospora chrysogena (Thirum. & Sukapure) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. flava (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. globosa (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. inversa (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hydropisphaera aurantiaca (C.A. Jørg.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectria atrorubra (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. bisepta (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. castaneicola (Lechat & Gardiennet) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. cerealis (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. olida (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriopsis dentifera (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriella arenuloides (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, La. marigotensis (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Monohydropisphaera fusigera (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Musananaesporium tectonae (R.F. Castañeda) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Mycocitrus zonatus (Sawada) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nectriopsis microspora (Jaap) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ovicillium asperulatum (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, O. variecolor (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paracylindrocarpon multiloculatum (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pn. multiseptatum (Samuels)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paragliomastix chiangraiensis (J.F. Li et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Px. luzulae (Fuckel) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Px. znieffensis (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis rutila (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proxiovicillium blochii (Matr.)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Stanjemonium dichromosporum (Gams & Sivasith.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia persicina (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. verruculosa (W. Gams & Veenb.-Rijks) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia citrina (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. dimorphospora (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. epimycota (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. fusidioides (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. hennebertii (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. parva (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. pilosa (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. zeylanica (Petch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Cephalothecaceae: Phialemonium thermophilum (W. Gams & J. Lacey) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Clavicipitaceae: Subuliphorum camptosporum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Coniochaetaceae: Coniochaeta psammospora (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae: Nothoacremonium exiguum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae: Neoacremonium minutisporum (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Ne. taiwanense (K.L. Pang et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Ne. vitellinum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae: Allomusicillium domschii (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Brunneomyces pseudozeylanicus (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Pseudoniessliaceae: Pseudoniesslia minutispora (W. Gams et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae: Chlamydocillium curvulum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parasarocladium funiculosum (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Valsonectriaceae: Valsonectria inflata (C.H. Dickinson) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, V. roseola (G. Sm.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. Epitype (basionym): Sphaeria violacea J.C. Schmidt ex Fr. Neotype (basionym): Mastigocladium blochii Matr. Citation: Hou LW, Giraldo A, Groenewald JZ, Rämä T, Summerbell RC, Zang P, Cai L, Crous PW (2023). Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in Hypocreales. Studies in Mycology 105: 23-203. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023.105.02.