圈养螺栓击倒后牛的运动会在屠宰过程中引起问题,并导致评估击倒效果的不确定性。这项研究的目的是对这些运动进行分类和量化,并确定与动物和过程相关的影响因素,以及连接到惊人的有效性和射击位置。总共2911头牛,小母牛,和公牛(乳制品,牛肉,和杂交品种)进行了检查(平均年龄3.02岁)。通过动作凸轮(Apeman®A100)记录从着陆直到粘附后至少4分钟的运动。定义了九个运动类别(“踢后肢”,\"抽搐\",“弯曲和伸展后肢”,“抬起和弯曲前肢”,“身体横向拱起”,“身体向腹侧拱”,和“向后拱”)。根据运动的严重程度,每个类别都有一个分数.分数相加,对于某些过程间隔,例如,登陆(从惊人的盒子弹出),吊装,或粘贴,或着陆和第四分钟出血结束之间的总时间(总分)。对评分进行统计分析(ANOVA)。只有6.6%的牛没有运动。大多数运动发生在粘贴和出血的第一分钟,很少发生在粘贴后8分钟。虽然奶牛在着陆时移动得最多,如果考虑所有过程间隔,公牛和小母牛的移动更多。德国安格斯的总分最高,Charolais,和利木赞,最低的是布朗瑞士和西门塔尔。登陆得分最高的是德国安格斯和黑荷尔斯坦。气动击发器的使用和螺栓出口长度的增加大大减少了运动。没有发现惊人的效果对运动的影响,但只有19头牛表现出降低的效力。
Movements in cattle after captive bolt stunning cause problems in the slaughter process and lead to uncertainties in assessing stunning effectiveness. The objective of this study was to categorize and quantify these
movements and determine animal- and process-related impact factors, as well as connections to stunning effectiveness and shooting position. In total 2911 cows, heifers, and bulls (dairy, beef, and crossbreeds) were examined (mean age 3.02 years).
Movements from landing until at least four minutes after sticking were recorded by action cams (Apeman® A100). Nine movement categories were defined (\"kicking hind limb\", \"twitching\", \"bending and stretching hind limb\", \"lifting and bending forelimb\", \"body arching laterally\", \"body arching ventrally\", and \"arching backwards\"). According to the movement severity, a score was assigned to each category. The scores were summed, either for certain process intervals, e.g., LANDING (ejection from the stunning box), HOISTING, or STICKING, or for the total time between LANDING and end of the FOURTH MINUTE OF BLEEDING (sum score). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed on the scores. Only 6.6% of cattle showed no movement. Most
movements occurred during STICKING and FIRST MINUTE OF BLEEDING, occurring rarely up to 8 min after sticking. While cows moved most at LANDING, bulls and heifers moved more if all process intervals were considered. The sum score was highest in German Angus, Charolais, and Limousin and lowest in Brown Swiss and Simmental. The score at LANDING was highest in German Angus and Black Holstein. The use of pneumatic stunners and an increase in bolt-exit length significantly reduced
movements. No impact of stunning effectiveness on movements was found, but only 19 cattle showed reduced effectiveness.