本研究通过代谢组学方法比较了油棕病原体灵芝的单核(单核)和双核(二核)菌丝体的致病性。通过液相色谱四极杆/飞行时间质谱(LC-Q/TOF-MS)结合使用MetaboAnalyst的多变量数据分析,分析了单核和二核的乙酸乙酯粗提物。mummichog算法还用于鉴定单核和双核子的功能活性,而无需对其所有次生代谢产物进行先验鉴定。结果表明,单核体产生的真菌代谢产物少于二核体,表明单核菌诱导植物感染的可能性较低。这些发现得到了确定的职能活动的进一步支持。Monokaryon展示酪氨酸,苯丙氨酸,和色氨酸代谢,这对真菌生长和发育以及产生毒素前体很重要。相比之下,二核表现出半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸的代谢,精氨酸和脯氨酸,和苯丙氨酸,这对真菌生长很重要,发展,毒力,和致病性。因此,单核体由于产生生长代谢物和毒素前体而变得非致病性,而二核是致病性的,因为它产生与真菌生长和致病性有关的代谢物。基于LC-MS的代谢组学方法对我们理解灵芝的发病机理具有重要意义。这对于油棕种植园的疾病管理至关重要。
This study compared the pathogenicity of monokaryotic (
monokaryon) and dikaryotic (dikaryon) mycelia of the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense via metabolomics approach. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of
monokaryon and dikaryon were analysed by liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. The mummichog algorithm was also used to identify the functional activities of
monokaryon and dikaryon without a priori identification of all their secondary metabolites. Results revealed that
monokaryon produced lesser fungal metabolites than dikaryon, suggesting that
monokaryon had a lower possibility of inducing plant infection. These findings were further supported by the identified functional activities.
Monokaryon exhibits tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism, which are important for fungal growth and development and to produce toxin precursors. In contrast, dikaryon exhibits the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, arginine and proline, and phenylalanine, which are important for fungal growth, development, virulence, and pathogenicity. As such, monokaryon is rendered non-pathogenic as it produces growth metabolites and toxin precursors, whereas dikaryon is pathogenic as it produces metabolites that are involved in fungal growth and pathogenicity. The LC-MS-based metabolomics approach contributes significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense, which is essential for disease management in oil palm plantations.