Poxviridae在记录的历史中一直是成功的病原体,在各种其他宿主中感染人类。尽管根除臭名昭著的天花一直是全球成功的医疗保健现象,最近出现的猴痘病毒,也属于正痘病毒属并引起人类疾病,尽管比天花温和,是引起重大公共卫生关注的原因。不断爆发的猴痘,展示了人与人之间的传播,在以前的非流行国家,呼吁迫切需要在病毒生物学领域进行进一步研究,生态学,和流行病学更好地理解,预防和治疗人类感染。在这些最近的事件之后,重新审视痘病毒感染变得很重要,它们的发病机理和在多个非人类宿主之间引起感染并跃升为人类宿主的能力。引起人类疾病的痘病毒包括猴痘病毒,传染性软疣病毒,和Orf病毒.在这次审查中,我们总结了目前对各种痘病毒引起人类疾病的理解,提供对它们的复制和致病性的见解,疾病进展和症状,预防和治疗选择,以及它们在通过基因治疗来塑造现代医学的重要性,溶瘤病毒治疗人类癌症,或者作为疫苗的痘病毒载体。
Poxviridae have been successful pathogens throughout recorded history, infecting humans among a variety of other hosts. Although eradication of the notorious smallpox has been a globally successful healthcare phenomenon, the recent emergence of Monkeypox virus, also belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus and causing human disease, albeit milder than smallpox, is a cause of significant public health concern. The ongoing outbreak of monkeypox, demonstrating human-human transmission, in previously nonendemic countries, calls for critical need into further research in the areas of viral biology, ecology, and epidemiology to better understand, prevent and treat human infections. In the wake of these recent events, it becomes important to revisit poxviral infections, their pathogenesis and ability to cause infection across multiple nonhuman hosts and leap to a human host. The poxviruses that cause human diseases include Monkeypox virus,
Molluscum contagiosum virus, and Orf virus. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of various poxviruses causing human diseases, provide insights into their replication and pathogenicity, disease progression and symptoms, preventive and treatment options, and their importance in shaping modern medicine through application in gene therapy, oncolytic viral therapies for human cancers, or as poxvirus vectors for vaccines.