■新物种的发现通常取决于一个或几个标本,导致延迟,因为研究人员等待额外的背景,有时几十年。目前,很少有专业动机让一位专家发布独立的物种描述。此外,虽然许多期刊接受分类学描述,即使是专业期刊也期望超越描述性工作本身的见解。这些因素的结合加剧了一个问题,即只知道一小部分海洋物种,并且以缓慢的速度描述新发现,而他们面临着来自加速全球变化的越来越多的威胁。为了应对这一挑战,海洋物种发现(OSD)的第一本汇编提出了一个新的协作框架,以加速海洋无脊椎动物分类单元的描述和命名,该分类单元可以扩展到所有门。通过一种可以快速出版的模式,以分类法为重点,产生更高的引用率,OSD旨在为单一物种描述创造一个有吸引力的家园。这种森肯伯格海洋物种联盟(SOSA)方法强调彻底,但是紧凑的物种描述和诊断,有支持的插图和分子数据时。即使是基本的物种描述也带有分布和生态相互作用的关键数据(例如,宿主-寄生虫关系)除了普遍有效的物种名称;这些对于下游用途至关重要,例如保护评估和向更广泛的公众传达生物多样性。
■本文介绍了十三个海洋无脊椎动物分类单元,包括一个新属,11个新物种和一个重新描述和恢复,涵盖广泛的分类学,地理,测深和生态范围。本文所述的分类单元跨越三个门(软体动物,节肢动物,棘皮动物),五班,八个命令和十二个家庭。除了新属,提供了其他四个属的最新通用诊断。软体动物门的新描述物种是PlaciphorlamethanophilaVončina,sp.11月。(胎盘息肉,Mopaliidae),LepetodrilusmarianaeChen,渡边和津田,sp.11月。(腹足纲,Lepetodrilidae),ShinkaillepascigasChen,渡边和津田,sp.11月。(腹足纲,Phenacolepadidae)和LyonsiellaillaesaMachado和Sigwart,sp.11月。(Bivalvia,Lyonsiellidae)。节肢动物门的新分类群都是甲壳亚门的成员:LepechinellanacesLörz&Engel,sp.11月。(两栖动物,Lepechinellidae),CuniculomaeragrataTandberg&Jaºdºewska,gen.等sp.11月。(两栖动物,Maeridae),威廉姆斯和兰德肖夫,sp.11月。(等足类,Bopyridae),MstigoniscusminusWenz,Knauber&Riehl,sp.11月。(等足类,单ploniscidae),乔恩森,Riehl&Brandt,sp.11月。(等足类,Macrostylidae),AustoniscusindobathyasellusKaiser,Kniesz&Kihara,sp.11月。(等足类,Nannoniscidae)和ApseudopsisdariaEsquete&Tato,sp.11月。(Tanaidacea,Apseudadae)。在棘皮病门,恢复的物种是PsychropotesbuglossaE.Perrier,1886年(Holothuroidea,精神病科)。研究区域横跨大西洋北部和中部,印度洋和北方,东太平洋和西太平洋,深度为5.2m至7081m。从河口到深海海沟的栖息地收集了11种自由生活和一种寄生虫的标本。用照片说明了这个物种,线条图,显微计算机断层扫描,共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和扫描电子显微镜图像。包括9个物种的分子数据,其中4个物种除了形态学诊断外还包括分子诊断。五个新的地理和测深分布记录包括LepechinellanacesLörz和Engel,sp.11月。,CuniculomaeragrataTandberg&Jaºdºewska,sp.11月。,威廉姆斯和兰德肖夫,sp.11月。,AustoniscusindobathyasellusKaiser,Kniesz&Kihara,sp.11月。和PsychropotesbuglossaE.Perrier,1886年,新颖性从物种到家族级别。新的寄生虫记录是威廉姆斯和兰斯霍夫,sp.11月。,发现与寄居蟹PagurusfraserorumLandschoff和Komai有关,2018.
UNASSIGNED: Discoveries of new species often depend on one or a few specimens, leading to delays as researchers wait for additional context, sometimes for decades. There is currently little professional incentive for a single expert to publish a stand-alone species description. Additionally, while many journals accept taxonomic descriptions, even specialist journals expect insights beyond the descriptive work itself. The combination of these factors exacerbates the issue that only a small fraction of marine species are known and new discoveries are described at a slow pace, while they face increasing threats from accelerating global change. To tackle this challenge, this first compilation of Ocean Species Discoveries (OSD) presents a new collaborative framework to accelerate the description and naming of marine invertebrate taxa that can be extended across all phyla. Through a mode of publication that can be speedy, taxonomy-focused and generate higher citation rates, OSD aims to create an attractive home for single species descriptions. This Senckenberg Ocean Species Alliance (SOSA) approach emphasises thorough, but compact species descriptions and diagnoses, with supporting illustrations and with molecular data when available. Even basic species descriptions carry key data for distributions and ecological interactions (e.g., host-parasite relationships) besides universally valid species names; these are essential for downstream uses, such as conservation assessments and communicating biodiversity to the broader public.
UNASSIGNED: This paper presents thirteen marine invertebrate taxa, comprising one new genus, eleven new species and one re-description and reinstatement, covering wide taxonomic, geographic, bathymetric and ecological ranges. The taxa addressed herein span three phyla (
Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata), five classes, eight orders and twelve families. Apart from the new genus, an updated generic diagnosis is provided for four other genera. The newly-described species of the phylum
Mollusca are Placiphorellamethanophila Vončina, sp. nov. (Polyplacophora, Mopaliidae), Lepetodrilusmarianae Chen, Watanabe & Tsuda, sp. nov. (Gastropoda, Lepetodrilidae), Shinkailepasgigas Chen, Watanabe & Tsuda, sp. nov. (Gastropoda, Phenacolepadidae) and Lyonsiellaillaesa Machado & Sigwart, sp. nov. (Bivalvia, Lyonsiellidae). The new taxa of the phylum Arthropoda are all members of the subphylum Crustacea: Lepechinellanaces Lörz & Engel, sp. nov. (Amphipoda, Lepechinellidae), Cuniculomaeragrata Tandberg & Jażdżewska, gen. et sp. nov. (Amphipoda, Maeridae), Pseudionellapumulaensis Williams & Landschoff, sp. nov. (Isopoda, Bopyridae), Mastigoniscusminimus Wenz, Knauber & Riehl, sp. nov. (Isopoda, Haploniscidae), Macrostylispapandreas Jonannsen, Riehl & Brandt, sp. nov. (Isopoda, Macrostylidae), Austroniscusindobathyasellus Kaiser, Kniesz & Kihara, sp. nov. (Isopoda, Nannoniscidae) and Apseudopsisdaria Esquete & Tato, sp. nov. (Tanaidacea, Apseudidae). In the phylum Echinodermata, the reinstated species is Psychropotesbuglossa E. Perrier, 1886 (Holothuroidea, Psychropotidae).The study areas span the North and Central Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the North, East and West Pacific Ocean and depths from 5.2 m to 7081 m. Specimens of eleven free-living and one parasite species were collected from habitats ranging from an estuary to deep-sea trenches. The species were illustrated with photographs, line drawings, micro-computed tomography, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Molecular data are included for nine species and four species include a molecular diagnosis in addition to their morphological diagnosis.The five new geographic and bathymetric distribution records comprise Lepechinellanaces Lörz & Engel, sp. nov., Cuniculomaeragrata Tandberg & Jażdżewska, sp. nov., Pseudionellapumulaensis Williams & Landschoff, sp. nov., Austroniscusindobathyasellus Kaiser, Kniesz & Kihara, sp. nov. and Psychropotesbuglossa E. Perrier, 1886, with the novelty spanning from the species to the family level. The new parasite record is Pseudionellapumulaensis Williams & Landschoff, sp. nov., found in association with the hermit crab Pagurusfraserorum Landschoff & Komai, 2018.