癌症基因组分析揭示了重要的遗传改变,可作为预后指标和治疗决策指南。实现精准医学。脑肿瘤向分子诊断的转变,正如2021年世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类所反映的那样,是治疗决策的关键。这篇综述讨论了癌症基因组谱分析在恶性脑肿瘤精准医学中的意义和作用。尤其是神经胶质瘤.此外,我们探索癌症基因组分析的进展,专注于癌症基因组测试,在脑肿瘤分类中整合基因组信息,和遗传性肿瘤.此外,我们讨论了基因组医学对早期检测的转化作用,风险评估,和精准医疗策略。脑肿瘤的肿瘤突变负担被认为是低的,但是分子靶向药物的应用,如异柠檬酸脱氢酶抑制剂,v-raf鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物B1抑制剂,成纤维细胞生长因子受体抑制剂,神经营养酪氨酸受体激酶,雷帕霉素抑制剂的机制靶点,和抗程序性死亡受体-1抗体药物有望用于神经胶质瘤的治疗。我们还讨论了分子靶向药物的未来前景。
Cancer genome profiling has revealed important genetic alterations that serve as prognostic indicators and guides for treatment decisions, enabling precision medicine. The shift to molecular diagnosis of brain tumors, as reflected in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, is a crucial role for treatment decision-making. This review discusses the significance and role of cancer genome profiling in precision medicine for malignant brain tumors, particularly gliomas. Furthermore, we explore the progress in cancer genome analysis, focusing on cancer gene panel testing, integration of genomic information in brain tumor classification, and hereditary tumors. Additionally, we discuss the transformative effect of genomic medicine on early detection, risk assessment, and precision medicine strategies. The tumor mutational burden in brain tumors is considered low, but the application of molecular targeted drugs, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 inhibitors, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors, and anti-programmed death receptor-1 antibody drugs are promising for glioma treatment. We also discuss the future prospects of molecular targeted drugs.