背景:即时验尸和急性丧亲护理可缓解因失去亲人而造成的情绪困扰;然而,提供有效的护理仍然不足。因此,为护理学生准备这些技能在临终关怀教育中至关重要,委托专业活动(EPA)提供了解决这一差距的潜力。
目的:建立有关立即验尸和急性丧亲护理的EPA,并对EPA进行七类描述,里程碑,和评估工具。
方法:我们使用了改良的德尔菲法和四步共识法,以i)根据文献综述和临床经验,确定与即时验尸和急性丧亲护理相关的可能EPA项目清单。ii)选择一个专家小组,iii)游泳池,review,并修改EPA,andiv)validateEPAqualityusingtheQueen'sEPAQualityrubric.通过模式和四分位数偏差进行数据分析。
结果:确定了以下四个主要的EPA组成部分:i)文化和宗教仪式评估;ii)死亡准备;iii)死后护理;iv)急性丧亲护理。三个基本能力被确定为高度相关:一般临床技能,沟通和团队合作能力,和关怀。经过三轮调查,达成了共识。获得了100%的问卷应答率。在第三轮中,所有项目在>95%的小组成员中获得4分或5分,并且被发现满足四分位数偏差截止分数<0.6,这表明建立了较高的共识水平.女王的EPA质量指数平均得分为62.5,平均项目得分为4.46,高于截止分数4.07。制定了EPAs的三个主要部分:任务描述,里程碑,和评估工具。
结论:关于立即死亡和急性丧亲护理的EPAs评估的发展可以指导护理课程计划,以弥合能力和临床实践之间的差距。
BACKGROUND: Integrated immediate postmortem and acute bereavement care alleviates emotional distress due to losing a loved one; however, the provision of effective nursing care remains insufficient. Therefore, preparing nursing students with such skills is essential in end-of-life care education, and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) offer potential to address this gap.
OBJECTIVE: To establish EPAs concerning immediate postmortem and acute bereavement care with a seven-category description for EPAs, milestones, and assessment tools.
METHODS: We used a modified Delphi method and four-step consensus-building approach to i) identifying the list of possible EPA items related to immediate postmortem and acute bereavement care based on a literature review and clinical experiences, ii) select an expert panel, iii) pool, review, and revise the EPAs, and iv) validate EPA quality using the Queen\'s EPA Quality rubric. Data analysis was performed via modes and quartile deviations.
RESULTS: The following four major EPA components were identified: i) cultural and religious ritual assessment; ii) death preparation; iii) postmortem care; and iv) acute bereavement care. Three essential competencies were identified as highly correlated: general clinical skills, communication and teamwork capabilities, and caring. Consensus was achieved after three survey rounds. A 100 % questionnaire response rate was obtained. In the third round, all items received 4 or 5 points from >95 % of the panel members and were found to meet the quartile deviation cutoff score of <0.6, indicating that a high consensus level was established. The average Queen\'s EPA Quality rubric score was 62.5, with an average item score of 4.46, which was higher than the cut-off score of 4.07. Three major parts of EPAs were developed: task descriptions, milestones, and the assessment tool.
CONCLUSIONS: The development of EPAs assessments concerning immediate postmortem and acute bereavement care may guide nursing curricula planning to bridge the gap between competencies and clinical practice.