Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new variety of solid crystalline porous functional materials. As an extension of inorganic porous materials, it has made important progress in preparation and application. MOFs are widely used in various fields such as gas adsorption storage, drug delivery, sensing, and biological imaging due to their high specific surface area, porosity, adjustable pore size, abundant active sites, and functional modification by introducing groups. In this paper, the types of MOFs are classified, and the synthesis methods and functional modification mechanisms of MOFs materials are summarized. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of metal-organic framework materials in the biomedical field are discussed, hoping to promote their application in multidisciplinary fields.

The Sturmdorf type sutures are traditionally used for obtaining hemostasis after a cold knife conization. In this article and accompanying video, we provided a simplified modification of the Sturmdorf suture to further reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding and cervical stenosis. Our modified Sturmdorf suture is essentially a large horizontal figure-of-eight suture, with simultaneous small bites on the mucosa of the anterior and posterior lips drawing the cervical mucosa to cover the denuded cervical stump. The advantages of this modification are: (1) The surgery is simple, accomplished with only one suture; (2) excellent hemostasis is achieved by incorporating the cervical branch of the descending rami of the uterine artery lateral to the cervix in the suture loop; (3) the single-suture technique provides more appropriate tension on the cervix when tying the knot and pulls the cervical mucosa towards the cervical canal from six symmetrical directions, evenly distributed tension helps restore the preferable cylindrical shape of the cervical stump; and (4) the intersection point of the figure-of-eight suture is located in the cervical canal, where the tissue undergoes minimal deformation when the suture loop is tightened, therefore stenosis of the uterine cervix is rare.

Reactive carbonyl species can modify digestive enzymes upon intake due to their electrophilic nature. This study evaluated the effects of methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal, acrolein, and formaldehyde on invertase, an enzyme presents in digestive tract. Unexpectedly, MGO enhanced, rather than inhibited, invertase activity. Moreover, MGO counteracted the inhibitory effects of the other three carbonyls on invertase activity. Kinetic analyses revealed that 150 mmolLexp.-1 MGO resulted in a 2-fold increase in the Km and a 3.3-fold increase in Vmax, indicating that MGO increased the turnover rate of sucrose while reducing the substrate binding affinity of invertase. Additionally, MGO induced dynamic quenching of fluorescence, reduced free amino groups, increased hydrophobicity, the content of Amadori products, fluorescent and nonfluorescent AGEs, and amyloid fibrils of invertase. The specific modifications responsible for the elevated activity of MGO on invertase require further investigation.

The formation conditions and functional property differences of esterified starch (ES) and granular esterified-pregelatinized starch (EPS) synchronously prepared by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modification remain unclear. In this study, we explored the formation conditions and physicochemical properties of ES and EPS after OSA modification. The modification temperature controlled the formation amount and time for both starch types during OSA modification. Compared to ES, EPS exhibited a higher degree of substitution, cold-water swelling power, water-absorption capacity and apparent viscosity in cold water. The structural characterization confirmed the molecular weight and short/long-range molecular order of ES and EPS decreased. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy indicated EPS retained its granular morphology. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of more starch-lipid complexes formed in EPS than in ES. This study provides a novel method for preparing esterified and granularly esterified-pregelatinized starches that could be used as promising additives in low-energy formula foods.

In recent years, there has been a remarkable surge in the approval of therapeutic protein drugs, particularly recombinant glycoproteins. Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells have become an appealing platform for the production of recombinant proteins due to their simplicity and low cost in cell culture. However, a significant limitation associated with using the S2 cell expression system is its propensity to introduce simple paucimannosidic glycosylation structures, which differs from that in the mammalian expression system. It is well established that the glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins have a profound impact on the physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and immunogenicity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind these glycosylation modifications and implementing measures to address it has become a subject of considerable interest. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent advancements in glycosylation modification in S2 cells, with a particular focus on comparing the glycosylation patterns among S2, other insect cells, and mammalian cells, as well as developing strategies for altering the glycosylation patterns of recombinant glycoproteins.

The fracture strength of implant supported zirconia-titanium base (Zi-Ti) base restorations with and without modification of submucosal cervical contour is of interest to dentists. 80 zirconia specimens were adjusted onto the Ti-base. One category consisted of specimens that underwent modification. Other category consisted of abutments without modification. There was polishing and recon touring at the interface of Zi-Ti base in cervical regions. Using the universal testing apparatus fracture resistance was assessed for every sample in every category in Newtons (N). The fracture strength of abutments with modification ranged between 4465.79 - 6523.50 N with mean value of 5604.24 ± 497.62 N. On the other hand, values of fracture strength varied between 5511.42 - 7064.33 N. in abutments without modification with mean fracture strength values of 6265.95 ± 331.61. It was observed that the fracture strength was lesser in abutments that underwent modification.

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 has emerged as a promising adsorbent and separation material due to its unique structural and physicochemical properties. To further enhance its performance, various surface modification strategies, including metal oxide and noble metal incorporation for improved catalytic activity and stability, organic functionalization with amino and thiol groups for enhanced adsorption capacity and selectivity, and inorganic-organic composite modification for synergistic effects, have been extensively explored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the surface modification of SBA-15 for adsorption and separation applications. The synthesis methods, structural properties, and advantages of SBA-15 are discussed, followed by a detailed analysis of the different modification strategies and their structure-performance relationships. The adsorption and separation performance of functionalized SBA-15 materials in the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, gases, and biomolecules, as well as in chromatographic and solid-liquid separation, is critically evaluated. Despite the significant progress, challenges and opportunities for future research are identified, including the development of low-cost and sustainable synthesis routes, rational design of SBA-15-based materials with tailored properties, and integration into practical applications. This review aims to guide future research efforts in developing advanced SBA-15-based materials for sustainable environmental and industrial applications, with an emphasis on green and scalable modification strategies.

Plant growth, yield, and distribution are significantly impacted by abiotic stresses, affecting global ecosystems and forestry practices. However, plants have evolved complex adaptation mechanisms governed by numerous genes and transcription factors (TFs) to manage these stresses. Among these, bZIP (basic leucine zipper) is a crucial regulator orchestrating morphological adaptations. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted roles of bZIP TFs in plant species. We discuss the morphological changes induced by stress stimuli and the pivotal functions of bZIP TFs in mediating these responses. While several publications have explored the mechanisms of bZIP TFs in response to abiotic stresses, this review delves into the intricate regulatory networks, summarizing alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, signaling networks interacting with bZIP TFs, and genetic engineering of bZIP TFs. By synthesizing current research, this review provides an updated discussion on bZIP interactions with other proteins to regulate stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Additionally, it offers avenues for future research and applications of bZIP TFs to improve abiotic stress resilience in plants through genetic engineering.

In recent years, nanocellulose (NC) has gained significant attention due to its remarkable properties, such as adjustable surface chemistry, extraordinary biological properties, low toxicity and low density. This review summarizes the preparation of NC derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), including cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF). It focuses on examining the impact of non-cellulosic components such as lignin and hemicellulose on the functionality of NC. Additionally, various surface modification strategies of NC were discussed, including esterification, etherification and silylation. The review also emphasizes the progress of NC application in areas such as Pickering emulsions, food packaging materials, food additives, and hydrogels. Finally, the prospects for producing NC from LCB and its application in food-related fields are examined. This work aims to demonstrate the effective benefits of preparing NC from lignocellulosic biomass and its potential application in the food industry.

UNASSIGNED: Unhealthy life-style leads to mental ill-health and poor quality of life and is the major determinant of a wide range of lifestyle disorders. The aim was to 1) review the work relating to life style modification for promoting mental health and 2) Present recommendations on life-style modification for mental health and wellbeing.
UNASSIGNED: The work on life style changes for promotion of mental health was retrieved from the scientific literature and critically reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Recommendations on \'Life-style modification for mental health and wellbeing\' are presented. 20 specific components of healthy life style included are: Routine, time management, prayer, basic activities, reading newspaper, study/work, exercise, recreation/ relaxation/ talent promotion, education, cognitive activities, social networking, guidelines for behavior, peer group, social group, marriage/family, life skills, physical health, health education, mobile use, and digital media. The lifestyle modification package is comprehensive and geared to promote mental health and well-being.