The article presents review summarizing contemporary National and foreign experience of implementing digital technologies under provision of services in health care. The systematic analysis of data from Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed and others electronic databases permitted to select 30 sources in Russian and English for 2016-2023. Modern digitization trends affect collaborations of companies where vectors of modernization become development of unified digital framework based on common state information system of health care; common educational platform for medical knowledge enriching by AI capabilities, through development of organizational activities and workflows based on digital technologies and services utilizing digital transformation. The deficiency of tools evaluating efficiency of reading software products and scalability of health digitization processes become problematic issues. As of today, diagnostic technologies using AI systems, technologies of lung cancer screening, examination methods of patients with post-traumatic deformations of cheekbone-orbital complex, monitoring of readings of devices with digital registration, further office consulting of various levels and application of AI in neurosurgery were described already. The article also considers issues of telemedicine consultations and development of modernized care models. The authors expect that digital ecosystem in development addressing issues of legal concept of management, financing and system of patient legal protection will do everything necessary to mitigate cyber incidents.

The United States system of solid organ transplantation is overseen by the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN). Recent announcements from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) indicate their clear intention to reform the system. We suggest that the original intention of the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) to require one entity to oversee transplantation is critical to integrate policy with the complex realities of organ procurement and transplantation practice. We suggest that a contemporary business platform model best captures the appropriate structure for coordinating organ transplantation, as the seamless exchange of organs between related groups is the essential function to facilitate. A business platform framework that includes public and private, academic and industry partners can best accomplish the important goal of equitable and efficient organ transplantation.

Acupuncture has demonstrated positive efficacy in the treatment of brain disorders. However, significant challenges lie in integrating acupuncture with modern technologies, promoting its clinical application in treating brain disorders, elucidating the mechanisms underlying acupuncture\'s preventive and therapeutic effects on brain disorders, and accelerating the pace of translational development in acupuncture medicine. This paper briefly outlines the current research status, challenges, and potential future directions in acupuncture treatment for brain disorders, aiming to provide essential insights for the modernization and development of acupuncture in the treatment of brain disorders.
针灸在脑病治疗中确有疗效，如何实现针灸与现代化技术的结合，促进针灸在脑病临床治疗上的应用，阐明针灸防治脑病的机制，加快针灸医学转化发展的步伐是针灸研究领域面临的巨大的挑战。本文简述针灸治疗脑病的研究现状、问题及未来可能发展方向，以期为针灸治疗脑病的现代化发展提供重要参考。.

OBJECTIVE: To study the actual state of the organization of medical care for patients with the profile of «maxillofacial surgery» in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for its optimization within the framework of a three-level system of medical care.
METHODS: We analyzed accounting and reporting materials characterizing the organization of medical care in the field of «Oral and maxillofacial surgery» to the population in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation.
RESULTS: The population of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation is currently provided with accessible round-the-clock medical care in the field of maxillofacial surgery. The forces and means at the disposal of the district government allow this to be implemented. However, the article describes a number of obstacles to the provision of high-quality medical care in the field of maxillofacial surgery and suggests ways to eliminate them.
CONCLUSIONS: Preparation of an Order defining the functioning of a three-level system of medical care for adults and children with maxillofacial pathology in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation, as well as more effective use of telemedicine consultations will significantly improve the availability and quality of medical care.
UNASSIGNED: Изучить фактическое состояние организации оказания медицинской помощи пациентам по профилю «челюстно-лицевая хирургия» в Южном федеральном округе Российской Федерации (ЮФО РФ) для разработки предложений по ее оптимизации в рамках трехуровневой системы оказания медицинской помощи.
UNASSIGNED: Были проанализированы учетно-отчетные материалы, характеризующие организацию оказания медицинской помощи по профилю «челюстно-лицевая хирургия» населению в ЮФО РФ.
UNASSIGNED: Население ЮФО РФ в настоящее время обеспечено доступной круглосуточной медицинской помощью по профилю «челюстно-лицевая хирургия». Силы и средства, которые имеются в распоряжении органов управления округа, позволяют это претворить в жизнь. Однако в статье описан ряд препятствий для оказания качественной медицинской помощи по профилю «челюстно-лицевая хирургия» и предложены пути их устранения.
UNASSIGNED: Подготовка Приказа, определяющего функционирование трехуровневой системы медицинской помощи взрослому и детскому населению с челюстно-лицевой патологией в ЮФО РФ, а также более эффективное использование телемедицинских консультаций позволят значительно повысить доступность и качество оказания медицинской помощи.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Education in Hong Kong was shifted online on an abrupt and massive scale as the city faced unprecedented disruptions, first from social unrest in 2019 and then again with the COVID-19 pandemic. Concurrent modernization initiatives since early 2019 in The University of Hong Kong\'s Medical Faculty (HKUMed), conferred a fortuitous head start for this rapid change. Pre-clinical and clinical teaching were restructured for online delivery through e-learning solutions for didactic teaching, and new innovative approaches were developed to convert bedside to\"webside\" teaching. E-learning in the current circumstances provided necessary social distancing while being pedagogically sound. Students were also able to develop key communication and collaboration skills via online platforms, developing digital skills critical to their future profession. However, unforeseen issues including socioeconomic inequality, privacy concerns, and social isolation became apparent and should be addressed as medical education progresses further down the digital path. The goal must entail a sustainable and scholarly approach towards optimizing medical education in an increasingly online environment. This will help safeguard the medical curriculum against disruption and empower future medical professionals for tomorrow\'s practice. Here, we share experiences and perspectives from educators in a global city characterised by land scarcity and income inequality.

A new psychiatric institution emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the psychopathic hospital. This institution represented a significant development in the history of psychiatry, as it marked the profession\'s reorientation from asylum-based to hospital-based care, and in this way presaged the deinstitutionalization movement that would begin half a century later. Psychopathic hospitals were also an important marker of psychiatry\'s efforts to redefine its professional boundaries and respond to its vociferous critics. This entailed both a rapprochement with general medicine in an effort to assert its scientific bona fides and a redefinition of its scope of practice to absorb non-certifiable \'borderland\' cases in order both to emphasize non-coercive treatment and to enlarge the profession\'s boundaries.

Modernization of wastewater treatment plants is usually caused by their significant wear and changes in the flow rate and concentration of pollutants. If there is no initial data on the flow or pollution, their determination by calculation is required, which may lead to an increase in concentration. Within the study, the modernization of treatment facilities was estimated under conditions of reduced flow and increased pollution concentration. Calculations were carried out both manually and using the CapdetWorks software package. The focus was on secondary treatment facilities as the main element of the municipal wastewater treatment plant within their upgrade from only organic pollutants removal (plug-flow reactor) to removal of both organic pollutants and nutrients (technology of the University of Cape Town). The calculations of tank volumes have shown that the concentration of pollutants has a much greater impact on them than the change in flow, especially when improvement in the treatment quality is required. The study revealed that membrane sludge separation allows tanks to be reduced in volume by 1.5-2.5 times (depending on the value of mixed liquor suspended solids) in comparison with gravity separation, which means smaller capital costs. However, membrane application requires significant energy costs for membrane aeration. For the initial data of the study, the specific energy costs for aeration before the upgrade, after the upgrade (gravity separation), and after the upgrade (membrane separation) were 0.12 kWh/m3, 0.235 kWh/m3, and 0.3 kWh/m3, respectively. If the membrane lifetime is 10 years, membrane costs were determined to be 10-15% of the energy costs for aeration.

A new model of relations emerged in schools after the establishment of new educational centers in Iran in the mid-Qajar era. The cultural authorities of the time were particularly interested in school health, which was adopted as a principle from the European, particularly French, school systems. During the period 1925 to 1941, with special attention to the new Western models of education, school health changed more and more. This study provides a descriptive-analytical report on state health policies in girl schools in Tehran, Iran, from 1927 to 1934, based on health records available at the National Archives of Iran. The findings reveal that since the mid-first Pahlavi era, officials from the Ministry of Science became increasingly involved in the issue of health, which resulted in institutionalization of health and medical examination of students, establishment of the School Health Office, publication of theoretical health discussions in magazines, and teaching of health principles to students, thereby improving the level of health in Tehran schools during the study period. The study aims to provide Iranian physicians and health policymakers with a review of this historical experience.

暂无摘要。

To explore the impact of modernization on oxidative stress during a momentous health transition process, we investigated differences in oxidative stress among the indigenous populations of villages in northern Laos with different levels of modernization.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 adults in three villages with different levels of modernization. Three biomarkers related to oxidative stress were measured: urinary 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane concentrations (both measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and blood telomere length (measured with qPCR). We examined associations between village-level modernization and oxidative stress-related biomarkers in a multilevel analysis including a random effect and covariates.
The geometric means of urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane concentrations were 2.92 and 0.700 μg/g creatinine, respectively, in our study population. Higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations and shorter telomeres were observed in participants from the more modernized villages, whereas urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations did not differ significantly among villages.
Our findings imply that modernization-induced changes in lifestyle may increase oxidative DNA damage. Baseline levels of oxidative lipid damage are expected to be high in the indigenous populations of northern Laos. Assessments of oxidative stress may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of health transition in specific populations.