UNASSIGNED: The Roma minority, Europe\'s largest ethnic minority, experiences significant disparities in living conditions and health outcomes compared to the non-Roma populations across the continent. Despite extensive documentation of the socio-economic challenges faced by the Roma, there is a notable lack of comparative research.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to fill this gap by examining the differences in socio-economic characteristics, living conditions, and self-reported health status between Roma (R) and non-Roma (nR) women in in Hungary (HU), Romania (RO), and Slovakia (SK), providing a cross-country comparative analysis. Utilizing simple and multiple binary logistic models, our research analysed data collected from September 2020 to March 2022, involving 322 Roma and 294 non-Roma women in Hungary, 258 Roma and 183 non-Roma women in Romania, and 146 Roma and 163 non-Roma women in Slovakia.
UNASSIGNED: Findings indicate significant associations between increased age (R:OR = 1.04[1.02,1.06], p < 0.001), (nR:OR = 1.04[1.02,1.05], p < 0.001) lower financial situation (R:OR = 2.05[1.01,4.18], p = 0.048) (nR:OR = 1.67[1.01,2.77], p = 0.047), and basic education level (R:OR = 3.60[1.29,10.08], p = 0.015) (nR:OR = 3.64[1.77,7.51], p < 0.001) with the likelihood of poor health status across both groups in Hungary. In Romania, increased age (OR = 1.04[1.02,1.06], p < 0.001) and basic education level (OR = 5.24[2.29,11.99], p < 0.001) were particularly predictive of poor health among non-Roma, while in Slovakia, age (OR = 1.05[1.02,1.07], p < 0.001) was a significant factor for Roma, and intermediate education level (OR = 2.68[1.16,6.20], p = 0.021) was for non-Roma. The study also found that a higher number of children (HU:OR = 1.35[1.12,1.63], p = 0.002), (RO:OR = 1.57[1.25,1.96], p < 0.001) and problems with housing comfort (RO:OR = 4.83[2.19,10.62], p = 0.015) and wall conditions (RO:OR = 2.81[1.22,6.46], p < 0.001) significantly impacted the health status of non-Roma women in Hungary and Romania. Conversely, an increase in household size was associated with a better health status among Roma women in Hungary (OR = 0.88[0.79,0.99]) and Slovakia (OR = 0.78[0.61,0.99]).
UNASSIGNED: By offering a novel comparative analysis, this study highlights the critical need for focused attention on the health disparities faced by Roma women, particularly those in a multiply disadvantaged situation due to their ethnic and socio-economic status.

BACKGROUND: Despite the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) having significant advantages as a cognitive screening tool, particularly for minority populations, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test is the most widely used test for cognitive screening in Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). This study aimed to develop a conversion table to predict MMSE scores from observed RUDAS scores, allowing an easy-to-use method to compare both screening tests.
METHODS: The equipercentile equating method was used to develop the conversion table using a training sample consisting of cognitively intact participants and individuals with early-stage AD. The resulting conversion table was validated in two samples, comprising participants from majority and minority populations assessed in Spanish.
RESULTS: The conversion table demonstrated excellent reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients of.92 in both validation samples.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a conversion table between RUDAS and MMSE scores, improving the comparability of these cognitive screening tools for use in clinical and research purposes.

Health disparities persist among minoritized populations. A diverse clinician workforce may help address these disparities and improve patient outcomes; however, diversity in the critical are workforce (particularly among women and those historically underrepresented in medicine (URiM)) is lacking. This review describes factors contributing to low respresentation of women and URiM in critical care medicine, and proposes strategies to overcome those barriers.

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UNASSIGNED: Preventing childhood obesity and associated comorbidities is often hampered by disproportionate disparity in healthcare provision in minority ethnic populations. This study contextualized factors influencing childhood obesity and related comorbidity from the perspectives and experiences of parents of ethnic minority populations.
UNASSIGNED: Following ethical approval, families (n = 180) from ethnic minority populations in the Northeast of England were contacted through flyers, community social groups and online forum. Of the 180 families contacted, 22 expressed interests, of whom 12 parents were eligible to participate in the study, and one family dropped out due to time constraints. Therefore 11 parents from ethnic minority communities living with at least one child with obesity were interviewed. Each family was separately visited at home and took part in a semi-structured interview based on the study\'s qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. Nine of the families had one child who was diagnosed with an obesity-related comorbidity (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, musculoskeletal problems or respiratory disorder). Semi-structured interviews were standardized around parents\' perspective and experience on how their children were impacted by obesity and comorbidities, healthcare preventative interventions including lifestyle physical activity and nutrition, and views on tackling obesity impact on their lives. All interviews were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Parents\' perspectives revealed 11 themes centered around experience of living with a child with obesity, risks, and impact of obesity related Non-Communicable Diseases; and access to support, and barriers unique to minority ethnic groups. Parents revealed social disadvantages, fear of victimization by social services, perceptions on their cultural and religious traditions, and racial stigmatization related to their child\'s weight. Parents reported closer bonding with their children to protect them from the untoward consequences of overweight, and little awareness of healthcare obesity prevention programs. Work pressure, lack of time, absence of guidance from professionals were seen as barriers to healthy lifestyle, while support from friends and closer family bond in adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors were facilitators. However, there was little awareness or access to current healthcare obesity preventive offerings.
UNASSIGNED: Minority ethnic communities\' perspective on childhood obesity prevention does not match the healthcare system preventative offerings. Community and family-oriented obesity preventative approaches, especially lifestyle interventions are needed beyond those administered by the primary healthcare system.

BACKGROUND: The intersection of sexism with racism and xenophobia disproportionately exposes visible minority women to gender-based violence (GBV) at the community and systemic levels. This study aims to understand the knowledge strengths and gaps on GBV against visible minority women with an intersectional lens, revealing systemic barriers to accessing support and how these barriers intensify GBV and its effects. It will also identify effective and ineffective policies and practices in the literature to develop strategies addressing the root causes of GBV and supporting survivors.
METHODS: We will conduct a mixed-methods systematic review using a convergent integrated approach to examine current literature on community- and systemic-level GBV against visible minority women. We will follow Joanna Briggs Institute\'s guidelines to converge data from both qualitative and quantitative studies to obtain an integrated qualitative synthesis on GBV in five countries: Canada, the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. This analysis will be conducted following Thomas and Harden\'s thematic synthesis guidelines. Community members with lived experience of GBV will actively contribute to improving the relevance and interpretation of results, following a community-engaged research approach. Themes are expected to unveil various aspects of community- and systemic-level GBV due to the intersection of racism, xenophobia and sexism, alongside barriers in addressing GBV and research gaps.
BACKGROUND: Since this study does not involve primary data collection or the use of identifiable human data, no ethical approval will be needed. Results will be disseminated through integrated knowledge translation, involving collaboration with participants who have lived experience of GBV. The findings will be used to identify specific areas of policy intervention, including adopting culturally sensitive approaches, improving school and workplace policies and promoting rights of visible minority women.

BACKGROUND: Inclusion in public health research of young people from low-income households and those from minority ethnic groups remains low. It is recognised that there is a need to change the way in which research is conducted so that it becomes more inclusive. The aim of this work was to identify novel and innovative ways to maximise recruitment and inclusion of diverse participants when doing co-production within very short time frames for emergency responses.
METHODS: We conducted interviews with young people from low-income and minority ethnic backgrounds, and members or leaders of groups or organisations supporting or representing young people from underserved communities.
RESULTS: A total of 42 participants took part in an interview. This included 30 young people from low income or minority ethnic backgrounds and 12 community leaders/service providers. Of the 30 young people, 26 participants identified as female and 12 participants identified as being from a minority ethnic background. Participants discussed a number of interrelated barriers to research involvement and identified ways in which barriers may be reduced. Prejudice and discrimination experienced by young people from underserved communities has led to substantial mistrust of educational and governmental establishments. Rigid and unfamiliar research practices further limit the involvement of young people. Four themes were identified as ways of supporting involvement, including: making opportunities available for young people, adaptations to research governance, understanding and acknowledging challenges faced by young people, and ensuring reciprocal benefits.
CONCLUSIONS: This research explored barriers to engagement in rapid public health co-production. Working with communities to co-produce rapid recruitment and research procedures to suit the needs and the context in which young people live is necessary.

OBJECTIVE:  Though public health is an information-intense profession, there is a paucity of workforce with Public Health Informatics and Technology (PHIT) skills, which was evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This need is addressed through the PHIT workforce program (2021-2025) by the Office of the National Coordinator for training and to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the PHIT workforce. The objective is to share details on the Training in Informatics for Underrepresented Minorities in Public Health (TRIUMPH) consortium, funded by the PHIT workforce program.
METHODS:  The TRIUMPH consortium is a collaboration between academic and practice partners with a commitment to training 879 students in PHIT. The Schools of Public Health and Nursing at the University of Minnesota, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health at Georgia Southern University, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Public Health Informatics Institute offer PHIT training through various programs. Academic institutions focus on student recruitment, developing courses/curriculum, and granting degrees/certificates, and the role of practice partners is to support experiential learning through internships/practicums.
RESULTS:  The TRIUMPH consortium is progressing toward its goals, with 692 students (79%) already trained in a PHIT modality as of December 2023. The learners comprise diverse race/ethnicity, including White (48%), Black/African American (32%), Asian (10%), White Hispanic (5%), American Indian/Alaska Native (2%), and Black Hispanic (1%). Numerous internships have been completed in settings ranging from state/local public health agencies to health care delivery systems. Diversity initiatives were supported by partnering with existing programs (e.g., the AMIA First Look program and the Nursing Knowledge Big Data Science conference).
CONCLUSIONS:  This consortium model is an excellent approach to informatics training and sharing expertise across partners. It provides scalability and broader geographic outreach while presenting opportunities to students from underrepresented backgrounds. Lessons learned have implications for overall informatics training (e.g., partnerships models, promoting racial/ethnic diversity).

UNASSIGNED: The study explores the language barriers between two language minority populations and healthcare professionals in the Volta Region of Ghana.
UNASSIGNED: An interpretive description with a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was used. This study was carried out in the Tafi-Atome and Avatime-Vane communities, the Hohoe Municipal Hospital and the Margaret Marquart Catholic Hospital in the Kpando Municipality. In all, 46 respondents comprising 19 purposively sampled community members (patients) from the two selected communities and 27 conveniently sampled healthcare professionals from the two health facilities were interviewed. The face-to-face in-depth interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.
UNASSIGNED: The study revealed a barrier in language use between healthcare professionals and patients from the two language minority communities. While healthcare professionals preferred to use English, Akan and Ewe, the patients, on the other hand, preferred their native languages, which are Sideme and Tegbor. The services of unqualified interpreters were utilised by both healthcare professionals and patients. Study participants were aware of these challenges, which prevented the patients from receiving optimum healthcare services, and the healthcare workers from delivering client-centred healthcare services.
UNASSIGNED: The presence of communication challenges emanating from language barriers between healthcare professionals and patients should be considered as a key hindrance to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal Three (SDG3), which aims to promote health and well-being at all ages. Therefore, stakeholders in the healthcare delivery system in Ghana need to prioritize stronger communication and translation practices and policies.

BACKGROUND: Ethnic socialisation plays a vital role in the development of ethnic minority adolescents. However, the generalizability of research findings beyond the context of immigrant societies in the United States remains unclear.
METHODS: Utilising a person-centred approach, this study analysed a sample of 2,600 ethnic minority adolescents in China (55.8% female, Mage = 14.93 ± 1.82) to explore ethnic socialisation patterns, and their correlations with depression.
RESULTS: Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct ethnic socialisation profiles: low-frequency, moderate-frequency, high-frequency and proactive integration orientation. Adolescents with the high-frequency profile displayed the highest levels of depression, followed by those with the moderate-frequency profile, whereas adolescents with the low-frequency and proactive integration orientation profiles showed a lower risk of depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the sociocultural context of China, ethnic minority families\' ethnic socialisation practices demonstrate unique characteristics. Various ethnic socialisation messages are integrated in diverse patterns to exert influence on adolescents.