背景:必需矿质元素在正常生长中起着重要作用,生物体的生理稳态的发展和维持。妇女在怀孕期间矿物质缺乏的风险更大。然而,孕妇矿质元素水平的预测因素尚不清楚.这项研究是为了确定尿钙(Ca)的水平,铁(Fe),铜(Cu),早期妊娠妇女中的锰(Mn)和硒(Se),并探讨尿液中每种矿物质元素的暴露和矿物质元素混合物的高共同暴露的预测因素。
方法:在济南某医院进行产前检查时,招募了298名孕早期孕妇,山东省,中国。我们收集了他们的尿样和社会人口统计学特征的问卷调查数据,生活习惯,食物和膳食补充剂的摄入量,和居住环境。Ca的浓度,Fe,Cu,测定所有尿样中的Mn和Se。LASSO回归,采用多元线性回归和二元逻辑回归分析影响矿质元素水平的预测因子。
结果:肌酐校正钙的几何平均值,Fe,Cu,Mn和Se浓度为99.37mg/g,1.75微克/克,8.97微克/克,0.16µg/g和16.83µg/g肌酐,分别。影响单个矿质元素浓度的因素如下:(1)硒和钙浓度随母亲年龄的增加而增加;(2)以自来水作为家庭饮用水的妇女钙水平较高,而间歇性多不饱和脂肪酸的妇女铜水平较高;(3)铁与烧烤食品的消费频率呈负相关;(4)食用贝类/虾/蟹较频繁且居住在绿地或公园附近的孕妇锰暴露较高,肉类消费频率较高的人锰暴露较低。此外,母亲年龄和食用鸡蛋的频率与暴露于高Ca混合物的几率有关,Fe,Cu和Se。
结论:本研究中的孕妇尿Cu和Se浓度相当,但Ca浓度较低,Fe和Mn与其他领域相比。尿矿物质元素的预测因素包括孕妇年龄(硒和钙),生活饮用水类型(Ca),烧烤食品的消费频率(Fe),多不饱和脂肪酸使用(Cu),家附近的城市绿地或公园的存在以及肉类和贝类/虾/蟹的摄入频率(Mn)。此外,母亲年龄和鸡蛋消耗频率是高水平共同暴露于尿Ca的重要预测因子,Fe,Cu和Se。
BACKGROUND: The essential mineral elements play important roles in proper growth, development and maintenance of physiological homeostasis of an organism. Women are at greater risk of mineral deficiency during pregnancy. However, the predictors of mineral element levels in pregnant women remain unclear. This study was conducted to determine the urinary levels of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in women during early pregnancy and to explore the predictors of urinary exposure to each mineral element and high co-exposure to mineral element mixture.
METHODS: 298 pregnant women in first trimester were recruited when they attended antenatal care in a hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. We collected their spot urine samples and questionnaire data on their sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, food and dietary supplement intake, and residential environment. The concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Se in all urine samples were measured. LASSO regression, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the predictors affecting mineral element levels.
RESULTS: The geometric means of creatinine-corrected Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Se concentrations were 99.37 mg/g, 1.75 µg/g, 8.97 µg/g, 0.16 µg/g and 16.83 µg/g creatinine, respectively. Factors that influenced the concentrations of individual mineral element were as follows: (1) Se and Ca concentrations increased with maternal age; (2) women taking tap water as family drinking water had higher Ca levels and those taking polyunsaturated fatty acids intermittently had higher Cu levels; (3) Fe was adversely related to consumption frequency of barbecued foods; (4) Pregnant women with more frequent consumption of shellfish/shrimp/crab and living near green spaces or parks had higher Mn exposure, and those with higher frequency of meat consumption had lower Mn exposure. In addition, maternal age and the frequency of egg consumption were associated with odds of exposure to a mixture of high Ca, Fe, Cu and Se.
CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women in this study had comparable concentrations of urinary Cu and Se but lower concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mn compared with those in other areas. Predictors of urinary mineral elements included maternal age (Se and Ca), type of domestic drinking water (Ca), consumption frequency of barbecued food (Fe), polyunsaturated fatty acid use (Cu), the presence of urban green spaces or parks near the home and frequency of meat and shellfish/shrimp/crab intake (Mn). Moreover, maternal age and egg consumption frequency were significant predictors of high-level co-exposure to urinary Ca, Fe, Cu and Se.