背景:菠萝蜜(Artocarpushetrhylus)是乌干达的一种有经济价值的果树。然而,乌干达菠萝蜜的产量很低。此外,因为森林砍伐,在开发作物改良和保护之前,预测该资源的遗传侵蚀。作为作物改良和保护的前提,使用16个形态标记和10个微卫星标记对来自乌干达Kayunga和Luwero地区的100种异叶树分离物进行了表征。
结果:形态学分析的结果揭示了树木高度的变化,胸高直径(DBH),和冠部直径,变异系数(CV)值为20%,41%,33%,分别。除了果肉味道,在定性性状中也观察到了变异,包括树的活力,树干表面,分枝密度,树的生长习性,冠形,叶片形状,果实形状,果实表面,片状,片状的颜色,薄片风味和纸浆稠度/质地。基因分型显示,每个微卫星基因座扩增的等位基因数量为2至5个,平均为2.90个,总数为29个。平均观察(Ho)和预期(He)杂合度分别为0.71和0.57。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明81%的变异发生在单个树木中,种群内树木之间的19%和两个种群之间的0%。两个种群的基因流(Nm)为88.72。来自\'围绕medoids\'(PAM)的分区的结果,主坐标分析(PCoA)和遗传聚类分析进一步显示菠萝蜜种群没有分化。Mantel检验显示形态和遗传距离之间的相关性可以忽略不计。
结论:形态学和遗传分析均揭示了单个杂交群体中菠萝蜜的变异。可以利用这种多样性来建立育种和保护策略,以增加菠萝蜜的产量,从而增加农民的收入。然而,仅根据形态学选择种质可能会产生误导。
BACKGROUND: Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an economically valuable fruit tree in Uganda. However, the production of jackfruit in Uganda is low. Additionally, because of deforestation, genetic erosion of the resource is predicted before its exploitation for crop improvement and conservation. As a prerequisite for crop improvement and conservation, 100 A. heterophyllus tree isolates from the Kayunga and Luwero districts in Uganda were characterized using 16 morphological and 10 microsatellite markers.
RESULTS: The results from the morphological analysis revealed variations in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown diameter, with coefficient of variation (CV) values of 20%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. Apart from the pulp taste, variation was also observed in qualitative traits, including tree vigor, trunk surface, branching density, tree growth habit, crown shape, leaf blade shape, fruit shape, fruit surface, flake shape, flake color, flake flavor and pulp consistency/texture. Genotyping revealed that the number of alleles amplified per microsatellite locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 2.90 and a total of 29. The mean observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity were 0.71 and 0.57, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 81% of the variation occurred within individual trees, 19% among trees within populations and 0% between the two populations. The gene flow (Nm) in the two populations was 88.72. The results from the \'partitioning around medoids\' (PAM), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and genetic cluster analysis further revealed no differentiation of the jackfruit populations. The Mantel test revealed a negligible correlation between the morphological and genetic distances.
CONCLUSIONS: Both morphological and genetic analyses revealed variation in jackfruit within a single interbreeding population. This diversity can be exploited to establish breeding and conservation strategies to increase the production of jackfruit and hence boost farmers\' incomes. However, selecting germplasm based on morphology alone may be misleading.