进行了定性风险评估(QRA),以评估与6至23个月的婴儿和儿童食用辣木叶粉(MLP)相关的微生物风险,以预防或治疗暹粒的营养不良。柬埔寨,和中央邦,印度。本QRA遵循食品法典委员会的风险评估原则和指南,并考虑了与MLP相关的所有已知微生物危害。对从MLP和其他具有相似一致性的干食品中分离出的食源性病原体进行了全面的文献检索,如干草药、香料和面粉。从这次文献检索中,以下病原体被鉴定并考虑用于这种微生物QRA:蜡样芽孢杆菌,大肠杆菌,弯曲杆菌属。,产气荚膜梭菌,Cronobacterspp.,单核细胞增生李斯特菌,沙门氏菌属。,和金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明,当用MLP强化的谷物浆(粥)在食用前煮沸(滚动煮沸5分钟)时,营养不足的婴儿和蜡状芽孢杆菌儿童的食品安全风险,C.A型产气荚膜,Cronobacter,肠出血性大肠杆菌,L.单核细胞增生,沙门氏菌属。,金黄色葡萄球菌是低到中等的,产气荚膜梭菌C型仅有中度至严重的风险。然而,当强化粥在食用前没有煮沸时,所有评估的病原体的食品安全风险都会增加。总的来说,QRA提示MLP对营养不良婴儿和儿童存在风险.然而,当粉末在适当的条件下储存以确保没有水分进入,然后按照危险分析关键控制点或类似程序(即使在家庭环境中)以卫生方式处理以减少污染和/或交叉污染时,这种风险可以减轻,包括热处理。即,沸腾,进一步减少微生物危害。
This qualitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted to estimate the microbiological risk associated with the consumption of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) by infants and children ages 6 to 23 months to prevent or treat undernutrition in Siem Reap, Cambodia, and Madhya Pradesh, India. This QRA follows the Codex Alimentarius Commission principles and guidelines for risk assessment and takes into account all known microbial hazards that are associated with MLP. A comprehensive literature search was carried out for foodborne pathogens isolated from MLP and other dried foods of similar consistency, such as dried herbs and spices and flour. From this literature search, the following pathogens were identified and considered for this microbiological QRA: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Cronobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results suggest that when cereal slurry (porridge) fortified with MLP is boiled (a rolling boil for 5 min) prior to consumption, the food safety risk to undernourished infants and children of B. cereus, C. perfringens type A, Cronobacter, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus is low to moderate, with only a moderate to serious risk posed by C. perfringens type C. However, when the fortified porridge is not boiled before consumption, the food safety risk is increased for all of the evaluated pathogens. Overall, the QRA suggests that MLP presents a risk to undernourished infants and children. However, this risk can be mitigated when the powder is stored under the appropriate conditions to ensure there is no ingress of moisture and then processed in a hygienic manner to reduce contamination and/or cross-contamination by following hazard analysis critical control point or similar procedures (even in a home setting) including a heat treatment, i.e., boiling, to further reduce microbial hazards.