Introduction The mandible constitutes one of the skull\'s largest and strongest bones. Growth spurts can influence it, and it has a variety of dimorphic traits that can be used to identify sex. In addition to observing, comparing, and evaluating the potential for mandibular ramus flexure and bigonial breadth to discriminate between sexes using digital orthopantomograms (OPG), a retrospective study was conducted to examine the validity of this method for sex estimation in the Indian population. Aim and objective This study aims to quantify sexual dimorphism by analyzing two mandibular parameters, the ramus flexure and the bigonial width, using orthopantomography (OPG). The objective is to determine the accuracy of sex determination using the ramus flexure and bigonial width. Materials and methods A total of 500 OPG images (250 males and 250 females) were analyzed using the Planmeca software (Helsinki, Finland). The ramus flexure was measured as the angle formed between the tangent to the inferior border of the mandible and the tangent to the posterior border of the ramus. The bigonial width was measured as the distance between the left and right gonion points. A statistical analysis was performed to assess sexual dimorphism and determine the accuracy of sex determination using these parameters. The study employed descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations, and an independent t-test to determine the significance of the characteristics in relation to males and females. Results The mean bigonial width for females was 193.3068 mm (SD = 13.51669 mm) and for males was 217.6308 mm (SD = 10.87453 mm), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in the bigonial width between males and females was between -49.97173 mm and -43.93787 mm. For the ramus flexure, the mean was 0.0000 for both males and females (SD = 0.00000), with a significant difference between males and females (p = 0.003). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in the ramus flexure between males and females was between -0.59543 and -0.12457. Conclusion The results indicated significant sexual dimorphism in both the ramus flexure and bigonial width. This study demonstrated that the ramus flexure and bigonial width, measured using orthopantomography (OPG), exhibited significant sexual dimorphism. The analysis of these mandibular parameters provided valuable information for sex determination in forensic and anthropological contexts.

UNASSIGNED: In our study, we evaluated the gender dimorphism among dental measurements of selected people in a South Indian district.
UNASSIGNED: In our research, 500 participants between 17 and 25 years of age were included after taking their maxillary arch impressions. Utilizing Korkhaus compass and digital caliper, depth of palatal area as well as maxillary arch as a whole was done. T-test was done to initiate the comparative analysis between the palatal arch and complete maxillary arch depths where P < 0.05 was denoted significant statistically.
UNASSIGNED: It was recorded that complete maxillary arch depth measurements were increased in case of men as compared to women, whereas the measurements related to depth of the palatal arch were not statistically significant.
UNASSIGNED: In our research, we found that complete maxillary arch depth can be utilized for gender segregation accompanied with other auxiliary methods. The mean value for both these measurements can be utilized as a standard measurement for advance research.

Bibliometric analysis is a standard method for evaluating the quality and quantity of published articles. AYUSH research portal (ARP) is meant for the dissemination of research findings in the domains of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-rigpa, and Homoeopathy and allied faculties. The study attempts to understand the trend of published Ayurveda clinical trial-based articles in terms of quality and quantity. Three perspectives of research output assessed in this study are productivity in the field of Ayurveda, evidence from articles, and its involvement with the body system where disease or malfunctions are induced. Based on the study, it is observed that the highest number of articles have been published under the musculoskeletal, endocrine/metabolic/nutritional categories, and skin. Further, it is observed that only 4.50% of articles are categorized under the evidence of Grade \"A\" (randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) as per the World Health Organization\'s traditional medicine research guidelines. Out of the top 20 journals which publish Ayurveda-based research works, only five journals are indexed in reputed indexing platforms viz., PubMed and Scopus. The findings indicate that, Ayurveda clinical trials have to be planned meticulously and carried out as per the RCT guidelines for producing quality evidence so that the abysmal percentage of grade-A category articles will increase in ARP. Further, the journals, which are not yet indexed in standard indexing platforms, must strive to secure a place in them to ensure access to appropriate peers and effective dissemination of findings.

Additive manufacturing technology has benefited many sectors, and its use in forensic sciences has opened up a variety of new opportunities for analysing and exhibiting forensic materials. However, to perform analytical procedures on 3D printed bones and teeth in forensic odontology, the metric and morphological precision of the printed replicas must first be validated. To address this, the present study was undertaken using 12 extracted human teeth that were 3D printed using five different techniques. Manual measurements and a digital mesh comparison were used to evaluate the metric precision of all samples. The findings showed that the printed replicas were accurate to within 0.5 mm of the actual teeth. It was suggested that Digital Light Processing (DLP) prints be used for potential forensic odontology applications based on measurements, digital comparison, and ease of use.

Despite a long history of ECG-based monitoring of acute ischemia quantified by several widely used clinical markers, the diagnostic performance of these metrics is not yet satisfactory, motivating a data-driven approach to leverage underutilized information in the electrograms. This study introduces a novel metric for acute ischemia, created using a machine learning technique known as Laplacian eigenmaps (LE), and compares the diagnostic and temporal performance of the LE metric against traditional metrics.
The LE technique uses dimensionality reduction of simultaneously recorded time signals to map them into an abstract space in a manner that highlights the underlying signal behavior. To evaluate the performance of an electrogram-based LE metric compared to current standard approaches, we induced episodes of transient, acute ischemia in large animals and captured the electrocardiographic response using up to 600 electrodes within the intramural and epicardial domains.
The LE metric generally detected ischemia earlier than all other approaches and with greater accuracy. Unlike other metrics derived from specific features of parts of the signals, the LE approach uses the entire signal and provides a data-driven strategy to identify features that reflect ischemia.
The superior performance of the LE metric suggests there are underutilized features of electrograms that can be leveraged to detect the presence of acute myocardial ischemia earlier and more robustly than current methods.
The earlier detection capabilities of the LE metric on the epicardial surface provide compelling motivation to apply the same approach to ECGs recorded from the body surface.

The greater sciatic notch is an effective indicator for sexual estimation, which is the initial process to identify unknown skeleton. Visual assessment is the mainstream of analysis methods; however, the subjectivity of researchers is also questioned. Metric method using three-dimensional models reconstructed from radiographic images can ensure reproducible and stable measurement of the greater sciatic notch. In this study, the greater sciatic notch was analyzed in various manners, including distances, angles, and dimensions, with the aid of an automatic measurement program and a landmark verification system. Among 28 items, 15 measurements showed more than 85% accuracy. Measurements related to the posterior part of the greater sciatic notch near the posterior inferior iliac spine particularly showed higher accuracy (93.1%). To test this observation, \"arithmetic posterior angle of the greater sciatic notch\", a generalized form of partial angle of the greater sciatic notch, was designed. It showed more than 90% accuracy. When the results of the three-dimensional measurements were applied to classify dry bones, it proved to be valid in contemporary Korean population. The method and results of this study can be referenced in wider use of the greater sciatic notch analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chant training both on the morphologic structure of the lateral thyrohyoid ligament (LTL) and on the acoustic characteristics of the voice.
METHODS: Three groups of people participated in the study. Group I was new to chant training, group II had completed or was still continuing chant training, and group III, the control group, did not have any chant training. For all participants, laryngeal cervical magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure the right and the left LTLs. Additionally, vocal acoustic analyses were performed and compared with the anatomic morphometric measurements. Appropriate statistical assessments were performed to evaluate the measurements.
RESULTS: The length of the LTL was greater in men, and this finding supports the gender-specific differences in laryngeal structures. Anatomic differences between groups showed that 8 months of training was not sufficient to trigger morphologic changes. The left and right LTLs were asymmetric, but this finding was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Analyses revealed that vocal training causes morphologic changes in anatomic structures, which affect vocal quality.

The present study was undertaken to assess the accuracy, precision and validity of hydrophilic Vinyl Poly Siloxane [VPS] impression material for bite mark documentation and analysis. Medium body VPS impressions of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth among thirty subjects were taken and dental stone casts prepared. Hollow volume overlays were made and metric analysis was done using advanced imaging software like Adobe Photoshop - 9 and Image J. These values were compared to the measurements taken from bite mark impressions of the same 30 individuals on wax wafers using light body VPS material. The mean differences in the parameters measured by the different techniques were compared using Intra Class Correlation Coefficients [ICCC]. Additionally validity parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were computed.

Metric and morphological techniques employed by forensic anthropologists for determination of race are reviewed. Included are several studies which examine cranial morphological techniques such as presence of the oval window of the inner ear, which occurs more frequently in Whites than in Native Americans; or the shape of the alveolar region which distinguishes between Asian, African, and North American Indian groups. A table of common cranial morphologic traits is presented. Metric techniques have also been used to determine race from the skull. Regression equations derived from measurements of the cranial base indicate a 70-90% accuracy for classifying Blacks and Whites, while multivariate discriminant functions for discriminating Blacks, Whites, and Native Americans correctly classify 82.6% of the males and 88.1% of the females. FORDISC, a computer program developed at the University of Tennessee, is another metric technique reviewed that not only distinguishes Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans but also male Hispanics, Chinese, and Vietnamese. Platycnemia, femoral curvature and other morphological attributes of the post-cranial skeleton may be used in support of a racial determination; however, several investigators have turned to post-cranial elements not only to use in support of cranial findings but for use when cranial information is not available. As a result, several discriminant functions from measurements of the pelvis, femur, tibia or combinations of these elements have been developed. Accuracy for these techniques varies from 57% to 95%, depending on the sample and technique used. Other aspects of the femur, such as the diameter of the neck, height of the intercondylar notch and femoral curvature, have been measured for assessment of race. Also included is a brief historical survey of race and current thoughts on the concept of race.