畜牧业生产对温室气体(GHG)排放特别是甲烷(CH4)排放有显著贡献,从而影响气候变化。为了进一步解决这个问题,至关重要的是建立战略,同时提高反刍动物的生产力,同时减少温室气体排放,特别是来自牛,绵羊,还有山羊.最近的进展揭示了通过遗传选择来调节瘤胃微生物生态系统以减少甲烷(CH4)产生的潜力。通过微生物基因组编辑,包括CRISPR/Cas9,TALEN(转录激活因子样效应核酸酶),ZFN(锌指核酸酶),RNA干扰(RNAi),Pime编辑,碱基编辑和双链无断裂(无DSB)。这些技术可以实现精确的遗传修饰,提供机会来增强减少环境影响和优化代谢途径的性状。此外,各种与营养相关的措施在不同程度上减少甲烷排放方面显示出希望。这篇综述旨在通过利用CRISPR/Cas9技术来设计瘤胃内的微生物聚生体,提出减少反刍动物甲烷排放的面向未来的观点。最终目标是开发可持续的畜牧业生产方法,有效减少甲烷排放,同时保持动物健康和生产力。
Livestock production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions particularly
methane (CH4) emissions thereby influencing climate change. To address this issue further, it is crucial to establish strategies that simultaneously increase ruminant productivity while minimizing GHG emissions, particularly from cattle, sheep, and goats. Recent advancements have revealed the potential for modulating the rumen microbial ecosystem through genetic selection to reduce
methane (CH4) production, and by microbial genome editing including CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), RNA interference (RNAi), Pime editing, Base editing and double-stranded break-free (DSB-free). These technologies enable precise genetic modifications, offering opportunities to enhance traits that reduce environmental impact and optimize metabolic pathways. Additionally, various nutrition-related measures have shown promise in mitigating
methane emissions to varying extents. This review aims to present a future-oriented viewpoint on reducing
methane emissions from ruminants by leveraging CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer the microbial consortia within the rumen. The ultimate objective is to develop sustainable livestock production methods that effectively decrease
methane emissions, while maintaining animal health and productivity.