富营养化导致藻类大量繁殖,降低水体的透明度,严重影响水质和生态系统的平衡,特别是在浅水体生态系统(SWE)。通过操纵鱼类和大型植物来控制食物网提供了一种可行的方法来减轻富营养化的影响。浮游动物作为生物操纵的主要消费者的反应大多是概念化的,缺乏详细的观察。建立了改变浮游鱼类和大型植物生物量的中观实验,并将其边界条件扩展为一系列模拟生物操作的方案。因此,本研究利用一维湖泊生态系统模型水生态系统工具(WET),该工具考虑了每个浮游动物群:轮虫,锁骨,和co足类动物,为了预测SWE中生物操纵对浮游动物的季节性动态影响,并将模型结果与中观结果进行了比较分析。在温带池塘中进行的中观实验观察到的数据,包括水温,溶解氧(DO),总氮(TN),总磷(TP),叶绿素a(Chla),大型植物,浮游动物,鱼,用于校准和验证模型。模拟结果表明,在春季和夏季,去除浮游动物的鱼类会增加所有三类浮游动物,从而导致浮游植物减少,而鱼类生物量的增加会增加浮游植物,同时水浑浊。然而,在秋天,轮虫和浮游植物随着鱼类的去除而增加,但是锁骨和co足类减少了,27%和41%,分别。在所有三个植被季节,大型植物生物量的增加揭示了类似的模式:所有三类浮游动物都增加了,浮游植物随后减少了。我们的研究提出了“鱼类-浮游动物-大型植物-浮游植物”营养级联,并通过该途径定量预测了生物操纵下每个浮游动物群的动态,并为建立大型植物床和清除浮游动物鱼类(春季和夏季)提供支持,作为减轻富营养化的有效方法。
Eutrophication leads to algae blooms and reduces the transparency of water bodies, which seriously affects water quality and ecosystem equilibrium, especially in shallow water body ecosystems (SWE). Controlling foodwebs by manipulating fish and macrophytes provides a feasible method to mitigate the effects of eutrophication. The response of zooplankton as the primary consumer to biomanipulation is mostly conceptualized and lacks detailed observation. Mesocosm experiments that altered the biomass of planktivorous fish and macrophytes were set up and their boundary conditions were extended into a series of scenarios for modeling biomanipulation. Thus, this study utilizes a one-dimensional lake ecosystem model Water Ecosystems Tool (WET) which considered each zooplankton group: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods, to predict the seasonal dynamic effects of biomanipulation on zooplankton in SWE, and the model results are analyzed in comparison with the mesocosm results. Observed data from mesocosm experiments set up in a temperate pond, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl a), macrophytes, zooplankton, and fish, were used to calibrate and validate the models. The modeled results showed that in spring and summer zooplanktivorous fish removal would increase all three categories of zooplankton and consequently cause a decrease of phytoplankton, whilst an increase in fish biomass would increase phytoplankton, and concomitantly water turbidity. However, in autumn, rotifers and phytoplankton increased in response to fish removal, but cladocerans and copepods decreased, 27% and 41%, respectively. Across all three vegetated seasons, increasing the biomass of macrophytes revealed a similar pattern: all three categories of zooplankton increased and phytoplankton subsequently decreased. Our study proposes a \"fish-zooplankton-macrophyte-phytoplankton\" trophic cascade and quantitatively predicts the dynamics of each zooplankton group under biomanipulation through this pathway, and provides support for establishing macrophyte beds and removing zooplanktivorous fish (in spring and summer) as an effective approach to mitigate eutrophication.