背景:尽管中国的国家政策是全面和有指导性的,不同城市之间存在很大差距。中国各地区公共精神卫生服务的现状尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查与公共精神卫生服务相关的政策,公共精神卫生服务的联系覆盖面和服务使用者的结果。
方法:在华南地区进行了横断面研究,2021年4月至2022年3月。考虑到地理位置,社会经济发展水平,以及严重精神疾病的患病率,包括武汉在内的四个城市,长沙,广州,深圳被选中。相关服务提供者被要求报告有关精神卫生政策和设施相关信息的数据,包括精神卫生资源,患者的登记率,患者的管理比率,以及患者的用药率。符合条件的患者被邀请报告服务用户相关数据,包括公共精神卫生服务的接触覆盖及其结果。采用SPSS26.0进行数据分析。
结果:中国南方四个城市在发展公共精神卫生服务方面做出了不同的努力,主要关注社会经济上处于不利地位的个人。据报道,广州和深圳的社区卫生中心在心理健康方面拥有更多的专业人力资源,并为患者提供更高的心理健康预算。大多数公共心理服务的接触覆盖率高于80%。长沙患者(B=0.3;95CI:0.1-0.5),广州(B=0.2;95CI:0.1-0.3),接受社会医疗救助服务的深圳(B=0.3;95CI:0.1-0.4)报告的服药依从性较高。武汉患者(B=-6.5;95CI:-12.9--0.1),广州(B=-2.8;95CI:-5.5--0.1),接受社区康复服务的深圳报告残疾水平较低(B=-2.6;95CI:-4.6--0.5)。
结论:南方四个城市的公共心理健康服务取得了进展。大多数公共精神卫生服务的接触覆盖率高于80%。患者对公共心理服务的利用与更好的健康结果相关。提高公众精神卫生服务质量,政府应该努力吸引服务用户,他们的家庭成员,以及设计中的支持者,delivery,可操作性,以及未来对这些公共精神卫生服务的评估。
BACKGROUND: Although national policies in China are comprehensive and instructive, a wide disparity exists between different cities. The current status of public mental health services by region in China remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate policies related to public mental health services, the contact coverage of public mental health services and outcomes of service users.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern China, between April 2021 and March 2022. Considering the geographical location, socioeconomic development levels, and prevalence of severe mental illness, four cities including Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen were selected. Relevant service providers were asked to report data on mental health policies and facility-related information, including mental health resources, registration rates of patients, management rates of patients, and medication rates of patients. Eligible patients were invited to report service user-related data, including contact coverage of public mental health services and their outcomes. SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The four cities in Southern China have made different efforts to develop public mental health services, primarily focusing on socio-economically disadvantaged individuals. Community health centers in Guangzhou and Shenzhen reported having more professional human resources on mental health and higher mental health budgets for patients. The contact coverage rates of most public mental services were higher than 80%. Patients in Changsha (B = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.5), Guangzhou (B = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.3), and Shenzhen (B = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.4) who received social medical assistance services reported higher levels of medication adherence. Patients in Wuhan (B = -6.5; 95%CI: -12.9--0.1), Guangzhou (B = -2.8; 95%CI: -5.5--0.1), and Shenzhen who received community-based rehabilitation services reported lower levels of disability (B = -2.6; 95%CI: -4.6--0.5).
CONCLUSIONS: There have been advances in public mental health services in the four Southern cities. The contact coverage rates of most public mental health services were higher than 80%. Patients\' utilization of public mental services was associated with better health outcomes. To improve the quality of public mental health services, the government should try to engage service users, their family members, and supporters in the design, delivery, operationalization, and evaluation of these public mental health services in the future.