严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2的大流行和巨大影响提醒我们,尽管在预防和控制传染病方面取得了巨大成就,我们仍然缺乏通用和强大的抗病毒策略来快速应对严重传染病的潜在威胁。各种高度传染性和致病性病毒,以及其他未知病毒随时可能在人类社会中出现或再次出现,造成灾难性的流行病。开发安全高效的广谱抗病毒药物,对于及时应对突发公共卫生事件,保护人民群众生命健康具有重要意义。因此,在这次审查中,我们总结了不同的广谱抗病毒靶点和相应的药物化学前瞻性,比较不同靶点的药理优势和劣势,列出的代表代理商,展示了它们的结构,药效学和药代动力学特征,并对其发展潜力进行了批判性讨论,希望为广谱抗病毒药物的开发提供最新指导,并为抗病毒治疗的应用提供前景。
The pandemic and tremendous impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 alert us, despite great achievements in prevention and control of infectious diseases, we still lack universal and powerful antiviral strategies to rapidly respond to the potential threat of serious infectious disease. Various highly contagious and pathogenic viruses, as well as other unknown viruses may appear or reappear in human society at any time, causing a catastrophic epidemic. Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with high security and efficiency is of great significance for timely meeting public health emergency and protecting the lives and health of the people. Hence, in this review, we summarized diverse broad-spectrum antiviral targets and corresponding agents from a medicinal chemistry prospective, compared the pharmacological advantages and disadvantages of different targets, listed representative agents, showed their structures, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics characteristics, and conducted a critical discussion on their development potential, in the hope of providing up-to-date guidance for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and perspectives for applications of antiviral therapy.