■这项研究旨在评估不同的放大系统在临床前腔准备过程中对颈部和躯干的角度偏差以及上背部和颈部的肌肉活动的影响。
■这是一项实验性实验室研究,以颈部和躯干的中性位置的角度偏差以及双侧上背部(下降和上升的斜方肌)和颈部(胸锁乳突肌)的活动为因变量。独立变量是使用的不同放大倍数系统(简单,伽利略,和开普勒·洛普斯,以直视作为对照)和准备好的牙齿(牙齿16、26、36和46)。使用了带有人造树脂牙齿的牙科人体模型体模头,使用1012圆形金刚石钻头在低速下对牙齿16、26、36和46进行复合树脂的I类空腔制备。要分析角度偏差,手术过程中采用的姿势是使用安装在三脚架上的摄像机记录的,摄像机的位置可以提供操作员的侧视图。经过培训的研究人员使用名为“姿势评估软件”的软件SAPO(版本0.69)测量了角度偏差。使用表面肌电图评估双侧肌肉活动。进行描述性统计分析,在验证了正态和同方差的假设后,双向方差分析和Tukey和Games-Howell事后检验用于比较数据(α=0.05)。
■在用肉眼和Simple放大镜进行的空腔准备过程中,发现与颈部中性位置的角度偏差明显更高,不管准备好的牙齿。关于牙齿位置,无论使用何种放大系统,在牙齿16和26上的腔预备期间,颈部的角度偏差显著更大,并且在牙齿26上的腔预备期间,躯干的角度偏差显著更大。右侧胸锁乳突肌活动之间存在显着差异,伽利略,和开普勒·洛普斯,伽利略放大镜的活性最低(p=0.008)。左胸锁乳突肌活动之间没有显着差异,无论准备的牙齿(p=0.077)。当使用伽利略放大镜时,双侧降侧斜方肌和右升侧斜方肌的活动显着降低(p<0.010)。
■这些结果表明,伽利略放大镜导致颈部和背部肌肉活动降低,而伽利略和开普勒放大镜在腔准备过程中导致颈部和躯干的角度偏差较小。
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to assess the effects of different
magnification systems on the angular deviations of the neck and trunk and the muscle activities of the upper back and neck during preclinical cavity preparation.
UNASSIGNED: This was an experimental laboratory study, with the angular deviations from the neutral positions of the neck and trunk and the activities of the bilateral upper back (the descending and ascending trapezius) and neck (sternocleidomastoid) muscles as the dependent variables. The independent variables were the different
magnification systems used (Simple, Galilean, and Keplerian loupes, with direct vision as the control) and prepared teeth (teeth 16, 26, 36, and 46). A dental mannequin phantom head with artificial resin teeth was used, and Class I cavity preparations for composite resin were performed on teeth 16, 26, 36, and 46 using a 1012 round diamond bur at low speed. To analyze the angular deviations, the postures adopted during the procedure were recorded using a tripod-mounted camera positioned to provide a lateral view of the operator. A trained researcher measured the angular deviations using the software entitled \"Software for Postural Assessment\"-SAPO (version 0.69). Bilateral muscle activity was assessed using surface electromyography. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and after verifying the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity, two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey and Games-Howell post-hoc tests were used to compare the data (α=0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The angular deviation from the neutral position of the neck was found to be significantly higher during cavity preparations performed with the naked eye and the Simple loupe, irrespective of the prepared tooth. With regard to tooth location, the angular deviation of the neck was significantly greater during cavity preparation on teeth 16 and 26, and the angular deviation of the trunk was significantly greater during cavity preparation on tooth 26, regardless of the
magnification system used. There were significant differences in right sternocleidomastoid muscle activity between the Simple, Galilean, and Keplerian loupes, with activity being the lowest for the Galilean loupe (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in left sternocleidomastoid muscle activity between the loupes, regardless of the prepared tooth (p = 0.077). The activities of the bilateral descending trapezius and the right ascending trapezius muscles were significantly lower when the Galilean loupe was used (p < 0.010).
UNASSIGNED: These results suggest that the Galilean loupe resulted in lower muscle activity in the neck and back regions and that the Galilean and Keplerian loupes resulted in less angular deviations of the neck and trunk during cavity preparation.