脂蛋白是细菌中最丰富的蛋白质。有一个脂质锚定在细胞膜上,它们起到酶的作用,抑制剂,运输商,结构蛋白,作为毒力因子。脂蛋白激活先天免疫系统并具有生物技术应用。第一种脂蛋白由Braun和Rehn在1969年描述。直到最近,然而,脂蛋白的研究一直很缓慢,部分是由于处理通过共价连接的脂质锚定到膜或膜整合的蛋白质的挑战。最近该地区的活动加快了。在过去的5年里,已经确定了经典脂蛋白合成途径的膜酶的高分辨率结构,已经发现了新的脂蛋白类型,并且已经对负责其合成的酶进行了生化表征。这导致了一系列旨在开发靶向这些酶的新型抗生素的活性。此外,表面暴露的细菌脂蛋白已被用作候选疫苗抗原,它们作为自我辅助抗原的潜力越来越被认识到。摘要脂蛋白及其合成的最新进展,以及这些信息是如何被用于治疗目的的,在这里介绍。
Lipoproteins are some of the most abundant proteins in bacteria. With a lipid anchor to the cell membrane, they function as enzymes, inhibitors, transporters, structural proteins, and as virulence factors. Lipoproteins activate the innate immune system and have biotechnological applications. The first lipoprotein was described by Braun and Rehn in 1969. Up until recently, however, work on lipoproteins has been sluggish, in part due to the challenges of handling proteins that are anchored to membranes by covalently linked lipids or are membrane integral. Activity in the area has quickened of late. In the past 5 years, high-resolution structures of the membrane enzymes of the canonical lipoprotein synthesis pathway have been determined, new lipoprotein types have been discovered and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis have been characterized biochemically. This has led to a flurry of activity aimed at developing novel antibiotics targeting these enzymes. In addition, surface exposed bacterial lipoproteins have been utilized as candidate vaccine antigens, and their potential to act as self-adjuvanting antigens is increasingly recognized. A summary of the latest developments in lipoproteins and their synthesis, as well as how this information is being exploited for therapeutic purposes is presented here.