背景:急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是重症监护病房(ICU)中非常常见的疾病,进展迅速,死亡率高。在重症患者中,由新型严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的感染很容易进展为ARDS。治疗期间ARDS的早期和快速诊断以及筛查非常重要。由于2019年冠状病毒病患者(COVID-19)的特殊性,计算机断层扫描(CT)检查并不总是可能的,胸部X光片对肺部疾病的诊断敏感性和特异性较低。因此,床旁肺部超声(LUS)可作为诊断COVID-19患者ARDS的新工具。在非重力依赖性肺野中,有双边非均匀B线。在背侧肺野,B线更密集,甚至显示为“白肺”。巩固区通常见于肺背野,尤其是在基底部分,有静态或动态空气支气管征象。在融合的B线区域,“肺滑脱”通常减少或消失。胸膜线不规则,加厚,粗糙,具有多个小型合并。原发性和继发性ARDS的肺部超声表现相似。
方法:在上述上下文中,我们分享了1例重症COVID-19病例的治疗经验,并复习了文献。一名81岁男性患者,由COVID-19引起的ARDS。俯卧通风的实施是由LUS指导的,我们发现重力依赖区的肺水肿确实随着时间的推移而改善。俯卧通气9小时后,后区的巩固开始开放。LUS显示从片段符号到B线的变化。16小时后,B线被引出,表明肺水肿正在改善。可以改善氧合。肺部超声使俯卧通气的监测可视化。同时,患者接受了高流量鼻腔吸氧,机械通气和奥司他韦治疗,洛匹那韦/利托那韦,abidol和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦。
结论:LUS指导治疗是成功治疗该病例的关键因素。
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very common disease in the intensive care unit (ICU), with rapid progression and high mortality. Infections caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can easily progress to ARDS in severely ill patients. Early and rapid diagnosis as well as screening for ARDS during treatment is very important. Owing to the particularity of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), computed tomography (CT) examination is not always possible, and chest radiographs have a low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lung diseases. Therefore, bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used as a new tool for the diagnosis of ARDS in patients with COVID-19. In the non-gravity-dependent pulmonary field, there are bilateral non-uniform B lines. In the dorsal pulmonary field, the B lines are denser and even appears as \"white lung\". Areas of consolidation are usually found in the dorsal pulmonary field, especially at the basilar part, with static or dynamic air bronchogram sign. In the fused B-line area, the \"lung slip\" usually decreases or disappears. The pleural line is irregular, thickened, and rough, with multiple small consolidations. The pulmonary ultrasound findings of primary and secondary ARDS were similar.
METHODS: In the abovementioned context, we share our experience with the treatment of one critical COVID-19 case and review the literature. An 81-year-old male patient with ARDS which is caused by COVID-19. The implementation of prone ventilation was guided by LUS, and we found that the pulmonary edema in the gravity-dependent area did improve over time. After 9 h of prone ventilation, the consolidation of the posterior area began to open. LUS shows the change from fragment sign to B line. After 16 h, the B-line was educed, indicating that pulmonary edema was improving. The oxygenation could be improved. Pulmonary ultrasound makes the monitoring of prone ventilation visualized. As the same time, the patient was accepted high-flow nasal oxygen, mechanical ventilation and treated with oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, abidol and cefoperazone-sulbactam.
CONCLUSIONS: LUS-guided treatment was the key factor in the successful treatment of this case.