自2012年在海洋沉积物中发现多细胞电缆细菌以来,由于它们具有前所未有的在厘米级长距离上产生和传输电流的能力,因此引起了广泛的关注和兴趣。海洋和淡水系统中电缆细菌的普遍分布,以及它们对当地生物地球化学的重大影响,揭示了它们在水生环境的元素循环和生态系统功能中的重要作用。在过去的几年中,人们对电缆细菌的潜在利用进行了大量的研究工作,用于各种水管理目的。然而,缺乏关于电缆细菌对生物地球化学循环和水环境恢复的进展和贡献的重要总结。这篇综述旨在提供最新和全面的概述,特别关注它们参与水生生物地球化学循环和在水环境恢复中的有希望的应用。它系统地分析了(i)水生生态系统中电缆细菌的全球分布以及影响其生存的主要环境因素,多样性,和组成,(ii)电缆细菌和其他微生物以及水生植物和昆虫之间的相互作用联系,(iii)电缆细菌在包括但不限于硫在内的基本要素的沉积生物地球化学循环中的潜在作用,铁,磷,和氮,(四)电缆菌防治水污染的实践探索,温室气体减排,水生生态环境恢复,以及与其他水修复技术的可能组合。它被认为是逐步介绍了电缆细菌的进展,突出关键发现,利用电缆细菌修复水环境的机遇和挑战,并提出进一步探索的方向。
Since the discovery of multicellular cable bacteria in marine sediments in 2012, they have attracted widespread attention and interest due to their unprecedented ability to generate and transport electrical currents over centimeter-scale long-range distances. The cosmopolitan distribution of cable bacteria in both marine and freshwater systems, along with their substantial impact on local biogeochemistry, has uncovered their important role in element cycling and ecosystem functioning of aquatic environments. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the potential utilization of cable bacteria for various water management purposes during the past few years. However, there lacks a critical summary on the advances and contributions of cable bacteria to biogeochemical cycles and water environment restoration. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the current research on cable bacteria, with a particular view on their participation in aquatic biogeochemical cycles and promising applications in water environment restoration. It systematically analyzes (i) the global distribution of cable bacteria in aquatic ecosystems and the major environmental factors affecting their survival, diversity, and composition, (ii) the interactive associations between cable bacteria and other microorganisms as well as aquatic plants and infauna, (iii) the underlying role of cable bacteria in sedimentary biogeochemical cycling of essential elements including but not limited to sulfur, iron, phosphorus, and nitrogen, (iv) the practical explorations of cable bacteria for water pollution control, greenhouse gas emission reduction, aquatic ecological environment restoration, as well as possible combinations with other water remediation technologies. It is believed to give a step-by-step introduction to progress on cable bacteria, highlight key findings, opportunities and challenges of using cable bacteria for water environment restoration, and propose directions for further exploration.