本范围综述集中在血管内小叶毛细血管瘤(ILCH),小叶毛细血管瘤(LCH)的一种罕见且独特的子集。本研究全面概述了ILCH,深入研究其临床特征,起源,发病机制,诊断方法,治疗方案,和结果。尽管它很罕见,由于其血管内起源,ILCH提出了独特的诊断和管理挑战。该综述强调了与其他血管病变准确区分的重要性,并强调了组织病理学确认的必要性。本文讨论了ILCH在报道文献中的介绍。发病机制仍不确定,有创伤等因素,炎症,荷尔蒙的变化,和药物被认为是潜在的贡献者。组织病理学特征,成像技术,并讨论了诊断工具,强调ILCH独特的组织学结构和免疫组织化学染色对准确诊断的重要性。由于ILCH的潜在并发症,手术切除是治疗ILCH的主要方法。包括上腔静脉(SVC)闭塞和血栓形成。这篇综述最后概述了未来研究的潜在方向,包括研究ILCH发育的遗传和分子机制,开发有针对性的疗法,建立患者登记处以进行合作,探索微创外科技术。强调长期患者预后研究和国际合作的重要性,以增强我们对这种罕见血管异常的理解。
This scoping review focuses on intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH), a rare and distinct subset of lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH). This study provides a comprehensive overview of ILCH, delving into its clinical characteristics, origins, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and outcomes. Despite its rarity, ILCH presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to its intravascular origin. The review emphasizes the importance of accurate differentiation from other vascular lesions and underscores the need for histopathological confirmation. This article discusses the presentation of ILCH in the reported literature. The pathogenesis remains uncertain, with factors such as trauma, inflammation, hormonal changes, and medications being considered potential contributors. Histopathological features, imaging techniques, and diagnostic tools are discussed, highlighting the distinct histological architecture of ILCHs and the importance of immunohistochemical staining for accurate diagnosis. Surgical excision is the primary approach for managing ILCH due to its potential complications, including superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and thrombosis. This review concludes by outlining potential directions for future research, including investigating genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ILCH development, developing targeted therapies, building patient registries for collaborative efforts, and exploring minimally invasive surgical techniques. The importance of long-term patient outcome studies and international collaborations is emphasized to enhance our understanding of this rare vascular anomaly.