The surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) results in tissue defects caused by the removal of the cancerous tissue. There are various reconstruction options available for lip construction. Harvesting the flap to reconstruct these defects undoubtedly results in substantial morbidity. Lip reconstruction can be performed more efficiently and with reduced side effects by utilizing flaps, which can minimize donor site morbidity and shorten surgical harvesting time. We are reporting a case involving a 52-year-old male with SCC of the lip who presented without any comorbidity. This case report describes the careful lip reconstruction using the Fujimori gate flap technique following complete surgical excision of the lesion.

BACKGROUND: Large full-thickness lip defects present a reconstructive challenge.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact on clinical outcomes and institutional cost of the depressor anguli oris myocutaneous (DAOM) flap as an axial pattern transposition flap for reconstruction of large, full-thickness lip defects.
METHODS: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults with large full-thickness lip defects who underwent DAOM flap reconstruction from 2011 to 2018 was conducted. DAOM flap anatomy and surgical technique were reviewed. The primary outcome of flap viability as well as additional clinical outcomes of postoperative complications and functional results were documented with follow-up ranging up to 11 years. Median length of stay and average institutional cost of care were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 12 patients underwent DAOM flap reconstruction for large full-thickness lip defects. There was 100% flap survival with no episodes of reoperation or readmission. All patients reported maintenance of distinct oral commissures, wide oral opening and full gingivolabial sulcus, excellent oral competence, and intelligible speech. Mean case length was 144 ± 11.5 min with a mean length of stay of 1.6 ± 0.5 days and estimated mean institutional cost of $3766.67 ± $1167.06.
CONCLUSIONS: The DAOM flap is an excellent reconstructive option for large full-thickness lip defects with strong functional results and limited donor site morbidity and institutional cost of care.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the design and fabrication methodologies employed in creating a personalized cleft lip simulation model, primarily intended for enhancing surgical training and diverse applications. The study further sought to assess the viability of integrating this simulation model into undergraduate oral experiments and instructional settings.
METHODS: Facial data from individuals with cleft lip conditions were acquired using a scanner. Subsequent stages involved reverse engineering and the utilization of 3D printing technology to generate a cleft lip silicone simulation model. The molding process entailed injecting silicone into a polylactic acid mold. The study enrolled 53 undergraduate students majoring in dentistry, who were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group. A dedicated instructor guided each group independently, employing a combination of multiple-choice tests and surveys to gauge real-time evaluations and discern inter-group disparities.
CONCLUSIONS: We successfully designed and produced a personalized cleft lip simulation model, demonstrating notable efficacy in the context of cleft lip experimental teaching. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the scores of the experimental group students on multiple-choice questions pertaining to cleft lip surgical procedures. Survey outcomes indicated that the experimental group students exhibited higher confidence levels in cleft lip surgery, as reflected from their responses to relevant questions, compared to the traditional group students. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The simulation model developed in this study emerges as a reliable and cost-effective training and teaching tool for cleft lip surgery.

Reconstruction of vermillion defects of the lower lip requires careful consideration of functional and aesthetic aspects. Traditionally, various local flap methods involving tissue advancement from the corner of the mouth, lateral chin, and medial cheek have been commonly employed to fill lower lip defects. However, these approaches have inherent limitations, which include technical complexity, disruption of the orbicularis oris muscle, lip tightening, microstomia, and visible scarring. To overcome these limitations, we employed a free myomucosal composite graft from the lower lip to reconstruct small to medium vermilion defects. Our technique is based on a simple and reproducible surgical approach that facilitates natural volume rearrangement of tissues. Moreover, this method enables precise inset and tension-free repair, prevents lip tightening, and offers excellent aesthetic outcomes with no vertical scarring and appropriate color matching with surrounding tissues.

Reconstruction of lips after squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) removal should restore functional and aesthetic roles; however, it remains a challenge. In this study we describe the clinical features of lip SCC and suggest a reconstruction algorithm. We retrospectively analyzed 34 patients with lip SCC who underwent reconstruction after Mohs micrographic surgery between January 2006 and March 2022. The mean age of the patients was 70.2 years. Seven tumors were on the upper lip and 27 tumors were on the lower lip. Twenty-five defects were located on the mucosal lip, eight defects involved both the mucosal and cutaneous lips, and one defect was confined to the cutaneous lip. Eighteen defects were smaller than 50% of the total lip size, and 16 were larger than 50%. Primary closure was mostly performed for defects smaller than 50% of the lip size (9/18 cases), and local flap, according to the location and size of the defects, was performed for larger defects. Thirteen patients experienced postoperative complications but improved within 1 year after surgery, except for one patient. We suggest a reconstruction algorithm with a 50% cut-off value. Defects smaller than 50% of the lip size could be reconstructed by primary closure. Even larger defects could be reconstructed by creation of a local flap from the remaining adjacent tissue with minimal postoperative complications.

There is no standardized technique for lip reconstruction because the structure and functions of the lip are diverse. We developed a new lip reconstructive approach using a bilateral oblique mucosal V-Y advancement flap. We present the case of a 76-year-old woman with severe dementia, referred to our institute for a tumor on her lower lip. She was diagnosed with lip squamous cell carcinoma (cT2N0M0). The tumor measured 25 × 20 mm. It was resected with a surgical safety margin of 6 mm. Bilateral triangular flaps were fashioned obliquely on the rear lateral side of the defect extending from the labial to the buccal mucosa and used to repair the defect. The operation time was 66 min. She was discharged on the fourth postoperative day without any complications. Speech and food intake functions have been preserved and she has been followed up for 26 months with no recurrence. The lip closing and color match has been adequate despite a slight thinning of the lip. This technique offered a major benefit of short operation and hospitalization time because it was a simple, less-invasive, one-step procedure. This is a practical procedure, suitable for vulnerable patients of advanced age or with comorbidities.

UNASSIGNED: Lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap is low-invasive and adheres to the concept of \"like with like.\" The location of the mucosal perforator can easily be detected using color Doppler ultrasound.
UNASSIGNED: Lip reconstructions should provide results of a high degree regarding both functionality and esthetics. We describe a case of lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator. An 81-year-old man complained of repeated bleeding from a submucosal venous malformation on his lower red lip, and surgery was performed under local anesthesia. The venous malformation was completely resected. A 4 cm × 2 cm triangle-shaped flap containing a mucosal perforator, identified using color Doppler ultrasound preoperatively, was designed in the lower red lip adjacent to the defect. The perforator flap was raised in the submucosal layer, and the defect was covered with the flap in an advancement manner. The flap transfer-related defect was closed, and at the one-year follow-up examination, no recurrence, drooling, or speech impediment was observed. In this case, excellent functional and esthetic results were achieved following the low-invasive reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap.

Commissuroplasty is a procedure that is performed to correct deformities at the corner of the mouth or oral commissure. Herein, we report a case of postoperative microstomia treated with commissuroplasty using split dry lips. In a surgical procedure, the dry lip was divided into orbicularis oris muscle cutaneous flaps and transpositioned into the cleft formed. The deformation of the corners of the mouth improved, and mouth opening improved enough to wear dentures. We believe that this method enables commissuroplasty that combines aesthetics with function.

Establish a classification method for partial traumatic upper lip deformity and verify the classified repair method is superior to the traditional non-classified method.
Lip deformities caused by partial tissue defects of less than one-third of total lip length were classified into three types and conducted corresponding surgery based on philtrum ridge and orbicularis oris muscle involvement as well as the extent of roll line discontinuity. In this review, 42 cases were non-classified historical controls before the classification was devised, and 67 cases were classified. Data were collected 12 months after surgery. The pre- and post-operative data of all patients were compared.
In classified patients, the scar width decreased significantly, from 3.1 ± 0.6 mm to 1.2 ± 0.2 mm; the height difference of the groove line was significantly reduced from 3.3 ± 0.9 mm to 0.9 ± 0.1 mm; the ratio of the vermilion area of the affected to healthy side decreased significantly from 1.37 ± 0.31 to 1.05 ± 0.17; the ratio of the lip peak height of the affected to healthy side in type III decreased significantly from 1.91 ± 0.32 to 1.07 ± 0.12; patient satisfaction rate was about 98.5 percent.
Clinical outcomes showed significant improvement of lip aesthetics with a high patient satisfaction rate in the classified group than the non-classified group.

BACKGROUND: Lip reconstruction aims at maintaining the function and aesthetics of the facial subunits. Sensation in the reconstructed lip helps in bolus formation, tactile discrimination, and thermal sensation. In this study, we aim to describe random pattern nasolabial flap for lip reconstruction using various functional parameters.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 22 patients with carcinoma lip who underwent surgical resection and reconstruction with sensate nasolabial flap. Several clinicopathological parameters were studied. Outcome parameters like oral competence, tactile sensation, thermal sensitivity of reconstructed lip and speech outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS: A functional outcome with 2-4 mm of two-point discrimination was obtained in 19 patients. All patients had intelligible speech. A mean sulcus depth of 19.59 mm was achieved. One patient had partial flap loss owing to wound infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Random pattern senate nasolabial flap offers a good functional outcome by maintaining the tactile and thermal sensitivity.